Search results for "Trait"

Traits and phylogenies modulate the environmental responses of wood-inhabiting fungal communities across spatial scales

2022

Identifying the spatial scales at which community assembly processes operate is fundamental for gaining a mechanistic understanding of the drivers shaping ecological communities. In this study, we examined whether and how traits and phylogenetic relationships structure fungal community assembly across spatial scales. We applied joint species distribution modelling to a European-scale dataset on 215 wood-inhabiting fungal species, which includes data on traits, phylogeny and environmental variables measured at the local (log-level) and regional (site-level) scales. At the local scale, wood-inhabiting fungal communities were mostly structured by deadwood decay stage, and the trait and phyloge…

Personality and body condition have additive effects on motivation to feed in Zebra Finches Taeniopygia guttata

2012

Several hypotheses have been proposed to account for the adaptive evolution of person-ality, defined as inter-individual differences in behaviour that are consistent over timeand across situations. For instance, the ‘pace-of-life syndrome’ hypothesis suggests thatpersonality evolved as a behavioural correlate of life-history trajectories that vary withinpopulations. Thus, proactivity, corresponding to higher exploratory tendencies or higherboldness levels, has been linked to higher productivity or mortality rates. However, theextent to which proactivity is associated with a higher motivation to forage remainspoorly understood. Moreover, although personality and its effects on foraging behavi…

Trait Emotional Intelligence, Self-Reported Affect, and Salivary Alpha-Amylase on Working Days and a Non-Working Day

2017

This study examined the relationship between trait emotional intelligence (EI) and variation in psychological (positive affect: PA, negative affect: NA) and psychophysiological (salivary alpha-amylase: sAA) indicators among Japanese employees over 3 consecutive days (working day 1, non-working day, working day 2). The analyses revealed that higher trait EI was associated across the days with higher PA, but not with NA. Moreover, diurnal sAA levels were lower in the high trait EI group than in the low trait EI group on the intervening non-working day, and this difference between the EI groups continued to show a tendency to significance on working day 2. The results indicate that higher EI m…

2001

Duration from sowing to flowering is the most important trait influencing adaptation in pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan), but the inheritance of this trait has not been elucidated clearly. Crosses were made between two early (60 to 70d) and one late (160 to 170d) flowering pigeonpea genotype and F1, F2 and BC1 populations produced. These populations, comprising 60 to 100 parents, 30 F1, 400F2 and 40 to 50 BC1 plants, were grown under natural (mean13.4 hd-1) and artificially extended (to 15 hd-1) daylength and duration from sowing to first flowering recorded. Genetic analysis of the segregation ratios, supported by Chi-square tests, indicated that the duration from sowing to flowering in each of t…

Perceived impact of anger on performance of skilled karate athletes

2011

Abstract Objective Although previous research has provided evidence of the facilitating effects of anxiety upon athletic performance, research attention on the impact of other discrete emotions has been scarce. Therefore, this study, based on the Individual Zones of Optimal Functioning (IZOF) model ( Hanin, 2000 , Hanin, 2003 , Hanin, 2007 ) investigated anger and anger-related symptoms and the functional impact upon karate performance. Method High-level karate athletes (N = 20; M age = 24.95, 17–38 yrs. old) were asked to recall their best and worst performances and to identify from two to three significant situations prior to, during, and after both performances. They completed the state …

Near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) characterization of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) from different rearing systems

2009

The present study aimed to predict by NIRS the proximate chemical composition and some carcass traits of sea bass coming from 11 farms with different rearing systems (extensive, intensive in land-based basins, sea cages) and located in northern (Friuli, Veneto), central (Tuscany) and southern (Puglia and Sicily) Italy. NIRS analysis of freeze dried sea bass fillets gave fairly good predictions of slaughter weight and fillet yield (R2cv=0.48-0.55), while results for carcass yield were poor. NIRS analysis was highly predictive for the condition factor (R2cv=0.790, SECV=0.09) and for water, ether extract and gross energy showing high correlations (R2cv>0.90) with NIR spectral infor- mation and…

Determining Behavioural Syndromes in Voles - The Effects of Social Environment

2010

Animal personality and behavioural syndromes have experienced rapid increase in interest in the last few years because of their possible role in the evolution of life histories. However, there is still a scarcity of studies concerning the mechanisms maintaining variation in behaviour as well as addressing their relationships to each other. In this paper, we tested the main assumptions of personality, focusing on the individual variability and repeatability of behaviour, and the identification of behavioural syndromes using the common vole (Microtus arvalis) as the species being studied. We also studied the effects of family group characters (group size, sex ratio and affinity to family) on …

The spanish body image state scale: factor structure, reliability and validity in a colombian population

2019

ObjectiveBody image is a construct highly dependent on culture and ethnicity. Furthermore, recent studies reveal that body image is not only a trait, but also a momentary state subject to change in diverse situational contexts. However, cultural influences on momentary body image have not been sufficiently investigated. To assess the influence of Latin American culture on momentary body image and to enable its comparison to Western countries, the Spanish translation of an existing state body image scale such as the Body Image States Scale (BISS) is needed. In addition, the factor structure, reliability and general validity of the Spanish BISS (S-BISS) should be evaluated prior to its applic…

Sexually selected traits evolve positive allometry when some matings occur irrespective of the trait

2014

Positive allometry of secondary sexual traits (whereby larger individuals have disproportionally larger traits than smaller individuals) has been called one of the most pervasive and poorly understood regularities in the study of animal form and function. Its widespread occurrence is in contrast with theoretical predictions that it should evolve only under rather special circumstances. Using a combination of mathematical modeling and simulations, here we show that positive allometry is predicted to evolve under much broader conditions than previously recognized. This result hinges on the assumption that mating success is not necessarily zero for males with the lowest trait values: for examp…

Systemic risk factors for peri-implant bone loss: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2014

The aim of this study was to determine the influence of patient-related systemic risk factors (systemic disease, genetic traits, chronic drug or alcohol consumption, and smoking status) on peri-implant bone loss at least 1 year after implant installation and prosthetic loading. An electronic search was performed of MEDLINE, EMBASE, and The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials up to January 2012. One thousand seven hundred and sixty-three studies were identified. After applying a three-stage screening process, 17 articles were included in the qualitative analysis, but only 13 in the quantitative analysis, since smoking was a common exposure. The meta-analysis of these 13 studies (4…