Search results for "Transdermal"
showing 10 items of 68 documents
Nanocarriers for optimizing the balance between interfollicular permeation and follicular uptake of topically applied clobetasol to minimize adverse …
2015
The treatment of various hair disorders has become a central focus of good dermatologic patient care as it affects men and women all over the world. For many inflammatory-based scalp diseases, glucocorticoids are an essential part of treatment, even though they are known to cause systemic as well as local adverse effects when applied topically. Therefore, efficient targeting and avoidance of these side effects are of utmost importance. Optimizing the balance between drug release, interfollicular permeation, and follicular uptake may allow minimizing these adverse events and simultaneously improve drug delivery, given that one succeeds in targeting a sustained release formulation to the hair…
Transdermal therapy and diagnosis by iontophoresis
1997
Iontophoresis, the use of an electric current to drive charged molecules across the skin, has the potential to expand the feasible range of drugs for transdermal administration significantly. This method of delivery is being examined carefully with respect to higher-molecular-weight therapeutics (in particular, peptides and small proteins), which cannot be absorbed following oral administration and for which, at this time, an invasive injection remains the only option. In addition, the procedure of so-called 'reverse' iontophoresis would appear to represent a truly noninvasive approach for diagnostic monitoring of blood chemistry.
Influence of Chemical Enhancers and Iontophoresis on the In Vitro Transdermal Permeation of Propranolol: Evaluation by Dermatopharmacokinetics
2018
[EN] The aims of this study were to assess, in vitro, the possibility of administering propranolol transdermally and to evaluate the usefulness of the dermatopharmacokinetic (DPK) method in assessing the transport of drugs through stratum corneum, using propranolol as a model compound. Four chemical enhancers (decenoic and oleic acid, laurocapram, and R-(+)-limonene) and iontophoresis at two current densities, 0.25 and 0.5 mA/cm(2) were tested. R-(+)-limonene, and iontophoresis at 0.5 mA/cm(2) were proven to be the most efficient in increasing propranolol transdermal flux, both doubled the original propranolol transdermal flux. Iontophoresis was demonstrated to be superior than the chemical…
Eco-scalable baicalin loaded vesicles developed by combining phospholipid with ethanol, glycerol, and propylene glycol to enhance skin permeation and…
2019
Abstract A new class of biocompatible and scalable phospholipid vesicles was developed, aiming at improving the efficacy of baicalin on the skin. Phosphatidylcholine and baicalin (a natural polyphenol) were hydrated in two steps with a mixture of ethanol, glycerol, and propylene glycol at different ratios, and a low amount of water (4%). Hence, water was almost completely replaced by the co-solvents, which were never used before as predominant dispersing medium of phospholipid vesicles. The vesicles appeared three-dimensionally structured, forming a network that conferred a high viscosity to the dispersions. The vesicles were unilamellar, small in size (∼100 nm), and stable during 12 months…
Nanoparticle formulations as recrystallization inhibitors in transdermal patches
2020
Abstract Drug crystallization in transdermal patches is still a major challenge, confronting the formulation development of topical drug delivery systems. Encapsulation of drugs into nanoparticles is proposed here as a promising tool for regulating drug crystallization in transdermal patches. The degree of recrystallization and transdermal permeation of ibuprofen and hydrocortisone loaded in polymeric and lipid nanoparticles from matrix-type transdermal patches were investigated. Ethyl cellulose (EC4), poly (lactide-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) and polycaprolactone (PCL) were employed for polymeric nanoparticle preparations; while medium chain triglyceride (MCT) and witepsol were used for the p…
Iontophoresis for Therapeutic Drug Delivery and Non-invasive Sampling Applications
2017
Most research concerning iontophoresis has focused on topical and transdermal drug delivery and in non-invasive skin sampling applications. Iontophoresis has been established as a safe, versatile and efficient enhancement technique, and several iontophoretic devices have been marketed for topical (lidocaine) and systemic (fentanyl, sumatriptan) delivery and for non-invasive sampling (glucose). Nevertheless, the last decade has seen an increased interest into the potential use of iontophoresis to deliver drugs through the nail and through the sclera and cornea, the two main barriers to eye drug delivery. This chapter aims to summarize the main progress achieved in these areas.
In vitro pulsatile and continuous transdermal delivery of buserelin by iontophoresis
1993
Abstract Transdermal delivery of buserelin, a nonapeptide, from hydroxyethylcellulose hydrogel through isolated human stratum comeum was studied. In vitro studies were carried out in a drug release apparatus (DAB 10/USP XII) using self designed rotary disk cells equipped with platinum electrodes. Different forms of current were examined. A pulsatile application of continuous current resulted in a step-like permeation profile. Different on/off ratios (5 min/55 min; 10 min/50 min; 15 min/45 min)) were studied. When continuous non-interrupted current with different current densities (0.1–0.3 mA·cm −2 ) was applied, linear dependence of the final cumulative amount of buserelin on current durati…
Sustained-release oral morphine versus transdermal fentanyl and oral methadone in cancer pain management.
2008
The aim of this study was to compare the analgesic and adverse effects, doses, as well as cost of opioid drugs, supportive drug therapy and other analgesic drugs in patients treated with oral sustained-release morphine, transdermal fentanyl, and oral methadone.One hundred and eight cancer patients, no longer responsive to opioids for moderate pain, were selected to randomly receive initial daily doses of 60 mg of oral sustained-release morphine, 15 mg of oral methadone, or 0.6 mg (25 microg/h) of transdermal fentanyl. Oral morphine was used as breakthrough pain medication during opioid titration. Opioid doses, pain intensity, adverse effects, symptomatic drugs, were recorded at week interva…
Impaired oral absorption of methylphenidate after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass
2017
The anatomic and physiologic changes in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract after bariatric surgery may significantly affect the pharmacokinetics of medications taken by the patients for various reasons. Unfortunately, there is little information regarding changes in drug absorption after bariatric surgeries, limiting the ability of medical professionals to produce clear recommendations on what changes should be made to the formulations and dosing regimens of drugs after bariatric surgery. In this article, we report and analyze a case of 52-year-old male patient with morbid obesity and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) who experienced lack of methylphenidate efficacy after Roux en…
Controlled transdermal iontophoresis for poly-pharmacotherapy: Simultaneous delivery of granisetron, metoclopramide and dexamethasone sodium phosphat…
2015
Iontophoresis has been used to deliver small molecules, peptides and proteins into and across the skin. In principle, it provides a controlled, non-invasive method for poly-pharmacotherapy since it is possible to formulate and to deliver multiple therapeutic agents simultaneously from the anodal and cathodal compartments. The objective of this proof-of-principle study was to investigate the simultaneous anodal iontophoretic delivery of granisetron (GST) and metoclopramide (MCL) and cathodal iontophoresis of dexamethasone sodium phosphate (DEX-P). In addition to validating the hypothesis, these are medications that are routinely used in combination to treat chemotherapy-induced emesis. Two p…