Search results for "Transporter"

Solute transporters (DctA or DcuB) as structural coregulators in bacterial transporter/sensor complexes

2016

Pyroglutamate stimulates Na+ -dependent glutamate transport across the blood-brain barrier.

2006

Regulation of Na(+)-dependent glutamate transport was studied in isolated luminal and abluminal plasma membranes derived from the bovine blood-brain barrier. Abluminal membranes have Na(+)-dependent glutamate transporters while luminal membranes have facilitative transporters. This organization allows glutamate to be actively removed from brain. gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase, the first enzyme of the gamma-glutamyl cycle (GGC), is on the luminal membrane. Pyroglutamate (oxoproline), an intracellular product of GGC, stimulated Na(+)-dependent transport of glutamate by 46%, whereas facilitative glutamate uptake in luminal membranes was inhibited. This relationship between GGC and glutamate tra…

Minireview: pH and synaptic transmission

2013

AbstractAs a general rule a rise in pH increases neuronal activity, whereas it is dampened by a fall of pH. Neuronal activity per se also challenges pH homeostasis by the increase of metabolic acid equivalents. Moreover, the negative membrane potential of neurons promotes the intracellular accumulation of protons. Synaptic key players such as glutamate receptors or voltage-gated calcium channels show strong pH dependence and effects of pH gradients on synaptic processes are well known. However, the processes and mechanisms that allow controlling the pH in synaptic structures and how these mechanisms contribute to normal synaptic function are only beginning to be resolved.

Lack of Cry1Fa binding to the midgut brush border membrane in a resistant colony of Plutella xylostella moths with a mutaton in the ABCC2 locus

2012

ABSTRACT Previous studies reported “mode 1” Bacillus thuringiensis resistance in a colony of diamondback moths (NO-QA), and recently, this resistance has been mapped to an ABC transporter ( ABCC2 ) locus. We report the lack of binding of Cry1Fa to insects derived from this colony and compare our data with those from other insects with ABCC2 -associated resistance.

Variation in the glucose transporter gene SLC2A2 is associated with glycemic response to metformin

2016

Metformin is the first-line antidiabetic drug with over 100 million users worldwide, yet its mechanism of action remains unclear(1). Here the Metformin Genetics (MetGen) Consortium reports a three-stage genome-wide association study (GWAS), consisting of 13,123 participants of different ancestries. The C allele of rs8192675 in the intron of SLC2A2, which encodes the facilitated glucose transporter GLUT2, was associated with a 0.17% (P = 6.6 x 10(-14)) greater metformin-induced reduction in hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) in 10,577 participants of European ancestry. rs8192675 was the top cis expression quantitative trait locus (cis-eQTL) for SLC2A2 in 1,226 human liver samples, suggesting a key role …

Filling the gap between Guidelines and Real World in the cardiovascular approach to the diabetic patients: the need for a call to action

2020

Evidence for hypothalamic ketone bodies sensing: impact on food intake and peripheral metabolic responses in mice

2016

Monocarboxylates have been implicated in the control of energy homeostasis. Among them, the putative role of ketone bodies produced notably during high-fat diet (HFD) has not been thoroughly explored. In this study, we aimed to determine the impact of a specific rise in cerebral ketone bodies on food intake and energy homeostasis regulation. A carotid infusion of ketone bodies was performed on mice to stimulate sensitive brain areas for 6 or 12 h. At each time point, food intake and different markers of energy homeostasis were analyzed to reveal the consequences of cerebral increase in ketone body level detection. First, an increase in food intake appeared over a 12-h period of brain keton…

Acute activation of cannabinoid receptors by anandamide reduces gastrointestinal motility and improves postprandial glycemia in mice.

2015

International audience; The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is associated with an alteration of glucose homeostasis dependent on cannabinoid receptor-1 (CB1R) activation. However, very little information is available concerning the consequences of ECS activation on intestinal glucose absorption. Mice were injected intraperitoneally with anandamide, an endocannabinoid binding both CB1R and CB2R. We measured plasma glucose and xylose appearance after oral loading, gastrointestinal motility, and glucose transepithelial transport using the everted sac method. Anandamide improved hyperglycemia after oral glucose charge whereas glucose clearance and insulin sensitivity were impaired, pointing out so…

Comparison of the Effects of Glibenclamide on Metabolic Parameters, GLUT1 Expression, and Liver Injury in Rats With Severe and Mild Streptozotocin-In…

2012

Background and Objective. Glucose transport via GLUT1 protein could be one of additional mechanisms of the antidiabetic action of sulfonylureas. Here, the GLUT1 gene and the protein expression was studied in rats in the course of severe and mild streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus and under glibenclamide treatment. Material and Methods. Severe and mild diabetes mellitus was induced using different streptozotocin doses and standard or high fat chow. Rats were treated with glibenclamide (2 mg/kg daily, per os for 6 weeks). The therapeutic effect of glibenclamide was monitored by measuring several metabolic parameters. The GLUT1 mRNA and the protein expression in the kidneys, heart, and l…

The sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor empagliflozin improves diabetes-induced vascular dysfunction in the streptozotocin diabetes rat model b…

2014

Objective In diabetes, vascular dysfunction is characterized by impaired endothelial function due to increased oxidative stress. Empagliflozin, as a selective sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i), offers a novel approach for the treatment of type 2 diabetes by enhancing urinary glucose excretion. The aim of the present study was to test whether treatment with empagliflozin improves endothelial dysfunction in type I diabetic rats via reduction of glucotoxicity and associated vascular oxidative stress. Methods Type I diabetes in Wistar rats was induced by an intravenous injection of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg). One week after injection empagliflozin (10 and 30 mg/kg/d) was adminis…