Search results for "Type 2"
showing 10 items of 1034 documents
Srebf2 Locus Overexpression Reduces Body Weight, Total Cholesterol and Glucose Levels in Mice Fed with Two Different Diets
2020
Macronutrients represent risk factors for hyperlipidemia or diabetes. Lipid alterations and type 2 diabetes mellitus are global health problems. Overexpression of sterol regulatory element-binding factor (Srebf2) in transgenic animals is linked to elevated cholesterol levels and diabetes development. We investigated the impact of increased Srebf2 locus expression and the effects of control and high-fat, high-sucrose (HFHS) diets on body weight, glucose and lipid metabolisms in transgenic mice (S-mice). Wild type (WT) and S-mice were fed with both diets for 16 weeks. Plasma glucose, insulin and lipids were assessed (n = 25). Immunostainings were performed in liver, pancreas and fat (N = 10).…
Branched-Chain Amino Acid Levels Are Related with Surrogates of Disturbed Lipid Metabolism among Older Men.
2016
Aims/hypothesis: Existing studies suggest that decreased branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) catabolism and thus elevated levels in blood are associated with metabolic disturbances. Based on such information, we have developed a hypothesis how BCAA degradation mechanistically connects to tricarboxylic acid cycle, intramyocellular lipid storage, and oxidation, thus allowing more efficient mitochondrial energy production from lipids as well as providing better metabolic health. We analyzed whether data from aged Finnish men are in line with our mechanistic hypothesis linking BCAA catabolism and metabolic disturbances. Methods: Older Finnish men enriched with individuals having been athletes in y…
Systemic Oxidative Stress and Visceral Adipose Tissue Mediators of NLRP3 Inflammasome and Autophagy Are Reduced in Obese Type 2 Diabetic Patients Tre…
2020
Obesity is a low-grade inflammatory condition affecting a range of individuals, from metabolically healthy obese (MHO) subjects to type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients. Metformin has been shown to display anti-inflammatory properties, though the underlying molecular mechanisms are unclear. To study whether the effects of metformin are mediated by changes in the inflammasome complex and autophagy in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) of obese patients, a biopsy of VAT was obtained from a total of 68 obese patients undergoing gastric bypass surgery. The patients were clustered into two groups: MHO patients and T2D patients treated with metformin. Patients treated with metformin showed decreased levels o…
Insulin Dissociates the Effects of Liver X Receptor on Lipogenesis, Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress, and Inflammation
2016
IF 4.258; International audience; Diabetes is characterized by increased lipogenesis as well as increased endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and inflammation. The nuclear hormone receptor liver X receptor (LXR) is induced by insulin and is a key regulator of lipid metabolism. It promotes lipogenesis and cholesterol efflux, but suppresses endoplasmic reticulum stress and inflammation. The goal of these studies was to dissect the effects of insulin on LXR action. We used antisense oligonucleotides to knock down Lxr alpha in mice with hepatocytespecific deletion of the insulin receptor and their controls. We found, surprisingly, that knock-out of the insulin receptor and knockdown of Lxr alpha …
Microbiota-Mitochondria Inter-Talk: A Potential Therapeutic Strategy in Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes
2020
The rising prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a growing concern worldwide. New discoveries in the field of metagenomics and clinical research have revealed that the gut microbiota plays a key role in these metabolic disorders. The mechanisms regulating microbiota composition are multifactorial and include resistance to stress, presence of pathogens, diet, cultural habits and general health conditions. Recent evidence has shed light on the influence of microbiota quality and diversity on mitochondrial functions. Of note, the gut microbiota has been shown to regulate crucial transcription factors, coactivators, as well as enzymes implicated in mitochondrial biogenesis and meta…
Depletion of Blautia Species in the Microbiota of Obese Children Relates to Intestinal Inflammation and Metabolic Phenotype Worsening
2020
Cross-sectional studies conducted with obese and control subjects have suggested associations between gut microbiota alterations and obesity, but the links with specific disease phenotypes and proofs of causality are still scarce. The present study aimed to profile the gut microbiota of lean and obese children with and without insulin resistance to characterize associations with specific obesity-related complications and understand the role played in metabolic inflammation. Through massive sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons and data analysis using a novel permutation approach, we have detected decreased incidence of Blautia species, especially Blautia luti and B. wexlerae, in the gut mic…
THU0164 Subclinical atherosclerosis and cardiovascular events in italian patients with rheumatoid arthritis: results from multicenter girrcs (gruppo …
2017
Background Several studies showed a close relationship between Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) and accelerated atherosclerosis [1,2]. At the best of our knowledge, no such study has been carried out in a large Italian series. Objectives To investigate the prevalence of presence of subclinical atherosclerosis and history of cardio-cerebrovascular events (CVEs), in 1266 patients consecutively admitted to Rheumatology Units throughout the whole Italy. Methods From 01/01/2015 to 31/12/2015, 1266 consecutive patients admitted to GIRRCS centres, satisfying ACR/EULAR criteria for RA were investigated for: i. traditional cardiovascular risk factors: gender, age, smoking habit, cholesterol, triglycerides,…
Papel de las leguminosas en la alimentación actual
2010
5 páginas, 2 figuras, 2 tablas.-- et al.
Polygenic score for physical activity provides odds for multiple common diseases
2021
ABSTRACTPurposeIt has been suggested that genetic pleiotropy, in which the same genes affect two or more traits, may partially explain the frequently observed associations between high physical activity (PA) and later reduced morbidity or mortality. However, the evidence about pleiotropy from human studies is limited. This study investigated associations between PA polygenic risk scores (PRSs) and cardiometabolic diseases among the Finnish population.MethodsPRSs for device-measured overall PA were adapted to a FinnGen study cohort of 218,792 individuals with genome-wide genotyping and extensive digital longitudinal health register data. Associations between PA PRS and body mass index (BMI),…
Diabète de type 2 chez le sujet âgé : quelles spécificités ?
2012
Type 2 diabetes, whose prevalence has increased among elderly aged over 75 years, has a number of specific features which differ from that in young people: heterogeneous population, association with other cardiovascular risk factors and several comorbidities, different therapeutic constraints and risks, and lower life expectancy. By using a standardized geriatric assessment it is possible to determine therapeutic and glycemic goals for each patient. In the elderly, main complications of diabetes are hypoglycemia and foot lesions. In order to avoid malnutrition, lifestyle and dietary rules should not be too strict. Recommendations for the prescription of oral antidiabetic agents are the same…