Search results for "Type 2"
showing 10 items of 1034 documents
Statins and diabetes.
2005
Lipid abnormalities play an important part in raising the cardiovascular risk in diabetic subjects. The main components of diabetic dyslipidemia are increased plasma triglycerides, low concentration of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, preponderance of small, dense low-density lipoprotein, and excessive postprandial lipemia. Small, dense low-density lipoprotein, the elevation in remnant triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particles, and the low high-density lipoprotein are the most powerful atherogenic components. The coexistence of these three factors strongly aggravates the lipid accumulation in the arterial wall and the formation of atherosclerotic plaques. The position of diabetes in card…
The Mitochondrial Antioxidant SS-31 Modulates Oxidative Stress, Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress, and Autophagy in Type 2 Diabetes
2019
Mitochondrial dysfunction has been shown to play a central role in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes (T2D), and mitochondria-targeted agents such as SS-31 are emerging as a promising strategy for its treatment. We aimed to study the effects of SS-31 on leukocytes from T2D patients by evaluating oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and autophagy. Sixty-one T2D patients and 53 controls were included. Anthropometric and analytical measurements were performed. We also assessed reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, calcium content, the expression of ER stress markers GRP78, CHOP, P-eIF2&alpha
MAGNESIUM METABOLISM IN INSULIN RESISTANCE, METABOLIC SYNDROME, AND TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS
2007
Magnesium plays a key role in regulating insulin action, insulin-mediated glucose uptake, and vascular tone. Intracellular magnesium depletion may result in a defective tyrosine—kinase activity at the insulin receptor level, in a postreceptorial impairment in insulin action, and clinically in a worsening of insulin resistance. Intra- and extracellular alterations of magnesium metabolism have been identified in clinical states characterized by insulin resistance, such as metabolic syndrome, hypertension, altered glucose tolerance, type 2 diabetes, and aging. Several studies, from our and other’s groups, have confi rmed the clinical relevance of alterations of magnesium homeostasis in these c…
Use in clinical practice of an automated screening method of diabetic retinopathy that can be derived using a diagnostic artificial intelligence syst…
2020
Abstract Background and Objective To compare the diagnostic performance of an autonomous diagnostic artificial intelligence (AI) system for the diagnosis of derivable diabetic retinopathy (RDR) with manual classification. Materials and Methods Patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes participated in a diabetic retinopathy (RD) screening program between 2011–2012. 2 images of each eye were collected. Unidentifiable retinal images were obtained, one centered on the disc and one on the fovea. The exams were classified with th e autonomous AI system and manually by anonymous ophthalmologists. The results of the AI system and manual classification were compared in terms of sensitivity and specif…
Intensive lipid lowering with atorvastatin in patients with coronary artery disease, diabetes, and chronic kidney disease
2008
To investigate the effect of intensive lipid lowering with high-dose atorvastatin on the incidence of major cardiovascular events compared with low-dose atorvastatin in patients with coronary artery disease and type 2 diabetes, with and without chronic kidney disease (CKD). Following 8 weeks' open-label therapy with atorvastatin (10 mg/d), 10,001 patients with coronary artery disease were randomized to receive double-blind therapy with either 80 mg/d or 10 mg/d of atorvastatin between July 1, 1998, and December 31, 1999. Of 1501 patients with diabetes, renal data were available for 1431. Patients with CKD were defined as having a baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) below 60…
Design and baseline characteristics of participants in the R esearching cardiovascular E vents with a W eekly IN cretin in D iabetes ( REWIND ) trial…
2017
The aim was to determine the effects of dulaglutide, a synthetic once-weekly, injectable human glucagon-like peptide 1 analogue that lowers blood glucose, body weight, appetite and blood pressure, on cardiovascular outcomes. People with type 2 diabetes, aged ≥50 years, with glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) ≤9.5%, and either a previous cardiovascular event, evidence of cardiovascular disease or ≥2 cardiovascular risk factors were randomly allocated to a weekly subcutaneous injection of either dulaglutide (1.5 mg) or placebo and followed within the ongoing Researching cardiovascular Events with a Weekly INcretin in Diabetes (REWIND) trial every 3 to 6 months. The primary cardiovascular outcome is…
Type 2 diabetes mellitus and Alzheimer’s disease
2014
Epidemiological and biological evidences support a link between type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Persons with diabetes have a higher incidence of cognitive decline and an increased risk of developing all types of dementia. Cognitive deficits in persons with diabetes mainly affect the areas of psychomotor efficiency, attention, learning and memory, mental flexibility and speed, and executive function. The strong epidemiological association has suggested the existence of a physiopathological link. The determinants of the accelerated cognitive decline in DM2, however, are less clear. Increased cortical and subcortical atrophy have been evidenced after controlling fo…
Effects of hypolipidemic and hypoglycemic agents on atherogenic small, dense LDL in Type 2 diabetes
2011
Type 2 diabetes is associated with a cluster of inter-related plasma lipid and lipoprotein abnormalities, including reduced HDL-C, a predominance of small, dense LDL and elevated triglycerides. These abnormalities occur even in prediabetes, before blood sugars rise sufficiently in order to confirm a diagnosis of diabetes, and this transition phase incurs important cardiovascular risk. This is the rationale for paying attention to dyslipidemia through the use of the hypolipidemic, rather than hypoglycemic drugs only. A literature search (by Medline and Scopus) was performed. The authors also manually reviewed the references of selected articles for any pertinent material. Beyond the ‘quantit…
A matter of fat: insulin resistance and oxidative stress
2012
Background Obesity is linked to insulin resistance (IR), which can lead to type 2 diabetes mellitus. Oxidative stress present in early obesity may favor the progression to comorbid conditions. Objective To examine the relationship between oxidative stress biomarkers and the severity of IR in a group of obese children. Methods Forty obese children with a body mass index (BMI) Z-score ≥ 2 were divided into two groups using the median obtained for the homeostasis model assessment of IR (HOMA-IR). Anthropometric parameters (including body fat composition by bioelectrical impedance) and biochemical parameters were assessed. The following biomarkers of oxidative stress were measured: malondialdeh…
Glycaemic variability using continuous glucose monitoring and endothelial function in the metabolic syndrome and in Type 2 diabetes
2010
Diabet. Med. 27, 872–878 (2010) Abstract Aims Subjects who are at increased risk of developing diabetes may have increased glycaemic variability associated with endothelial dysfunction and possibly subclinical atherosclerosis, which may lead to increased cardiovascular risk observed at the time of diabetes diagnosis. To investigate this hypothesis, we measured endothelial function, carotid intima-media thickness and glycaemic variability using 48-h continuous subcutaneous glucose monitoring in 3 groups of overweight or obese subjects – those without the metabolic syndrome, and those with the metabolic syndrome with or without newly diagnosed Type 2 diabetes. Methods Consecutive subjects, …