Search results for "Type"

Diabetes and Dementia

2015

Persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) have an increased incidence of cognitive decline and dementia. An increased cortical and subcortical atrophy has been found after controlling for vascular disease and inadequate cerebral circulation. A possible role of insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia has been suggested to mediate the link between DM2 and Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). Altered insulin signaling may contribute to AD biochemical and histopathological lesions. Both hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia may contribute to cognitive decline in DM2. Recurrent symptomatic and asymptomatic hypoglycemic episodes have been suggested to cause subclinical brain damage, and permanent cognitive impai…

Peripheral blood levels of CXCL10 are a useful marker for diabetic polyneuropathy in subjects with type 2 diabetes.

2020

BACKGROUND Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a chronic complication of diabetes mellitus associated with high morbidity and mortality. Major risk factors for DPN include metabolic changes, duration of diabetes, nerve ischaemia and derangements in regeneration and nerve repair programmes. Chemokines have been previously implicated in the pathogenesis of various neuropathies and neuropathic pain processes. The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate the association between the plasma levels of chemokines (CXCL9, CXCL10 and CXCL11) in the presence of DPN in a cohort of type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS We studied 73 patients with T2D: 36 with DPN and 37 without DPN. D…

2019

Background Endothelial dysfunction is a consequence of type 2 diabetes mellitus, but it is unclear whether endothelial dysfunction of conductance versus resistance vessels may also precede type 2 diabetes mellitus development. Methods and Results In a population‐based cohort of 15 010 individuals from the GHS (Gutenberg Health Study) (aged 35–74 years at enrollment in 2007–2012), we identified 1610 cases of incident pre–diabetes mellitus and 386 cases of incident type 2 diabetes mellitus by hemoglobin A 1c (HbA 1c ) and/or medical history between 2012 and 2017. Endothelial function of conductance and resistance vessels was measured by flow‐mediated dilation and digital volume plethysmograp…

Tissue classification by texture and spectral analysis of intracoronary ultrasound radio-frequency data

2002

Imaging of vascular structures by intracoronary ultrasound allows in principal the recognition of different lesion types due to the echomorphology in the B-mode image. The subjective visual diagnosis is often difficult, especially the differentiation between thrombi and non-calcified plaque. The aim of this study was the extraction of features from the ultrasound radio-frequency signal for an objective characterization of coronary tissue. Methods of texture analysis and frequency analysis were used to differentiate red and white thrombi in vitro. Eight texture parameters of first and second order significantly differentiated red and white thrombi. The backscatter transfer function of red th…

Obesity and Obstructive Sleep Apnea

2021

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is characterized by upper airway collapse during sleep. Chronic intermittent hypoxia, sleep fragmentation, and inflammatory activation are the main pathophysiological mechanisms of OSA. OSA is highly prevalent in obese patients and may contribute to cardiometabolic risk by exerting detrimental effects on adipose tissue metabolism and potentiating the adipose tissue dysfunction typically found in obesity. This chapter will provide an update on: (a) the epidemiological studies linking obesity and OSA; (b) the studies exploring the effects of intermittent hypoxia and sleep fragmentation on the adipose tissue; (c) the effects of OSA treatment with continuous positi…

Prädiktive genetische Untersuchungen: Individualisierung von Diagnostik und Therapie bei Familien mit multipler endokriner Neoplasie Typ II

2008

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE When multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (MEN2) is suspected, genetic tests are at the centre of screening procedures. It was the aim of this study to compare the diagnostic value of molecular biological investigations with that of conventional biochemical tests. PATIENTS AND METHODS The study cohort consisted of all 144 patients cared for in our department since 1990 with the suspected diagnosis of MEN2 (evidence of a medullary thyroid carcinoma [MTC]), coexistence of two MEN2 tumours or a family history of MEN2. 14 of the 144 patients (from 12 families) were already known to have an hereditary MTC, while the remaining 130 had been referred for further diagnostic i…

COSMIC project : consensus on the objectives of the metabolic syndrome in clinic

2018

Juan Pedro-Botet,1 Juan F Ascaso,2,3 Vivencio Barrios,4,5 Alejandro De la Sierra,6 Javier Escalada,7,8 Jesús Millán,9 Jose M Mostaza,10 Pablo Pérez-Martínez,8,11 Xavier Pintó,8,12 Jordi Salas-Salvadó,8,13 Pedro Valdivielso14 1Lipids and Vascular Risk Unit, Hospital del Mar, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; 2Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital Clínico, Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, Spain; 3INCLIVA Research Institute, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases Ciber (Networked Biomedical Research Centres – CIBERDEM), Carlos III, Valencia, Spain; 4Cardiology Service, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Caja…

Biochemical biomarkers of NAFLD/NASH

2020

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of chronic liver disease in the Western world and the global epidemics of obesity and type 2 diabetes have led to a dramatic increase of its prevalence and incidence. Among NAFLD patients, those with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) have a double risk of fibrosis progression, that is the main driver toward the evolution in cirrhosis and its complications, including hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatic decompensation. Furthermore, patients with NAFLD are also at risk for cardiovascular diseases and extrahepatic malignancies, that represent the first and the second cause of death, respectively. The availability of non-invasi…

PNPLA3 polymorphism influences liver fibrosis in unselected patients with type 2 diabetes

2011

Context: Recently, it has been shown that an allele in the adiponutrin (PNPLA3) gene was strongly associated with increased liver fat content (LFC) and liver fibrosis independent of visceral adiposity and insulin resistance. Objective: In this study, we set out to determine whether the PNPLA3 rs738409 polymorphism was associated with liver fibrosis in unselected patients with type 2 diabetes. Design, setting and participants: Two hundred and thirty-four patients with type 2 diabetes were included in this study. Main outcome measures: LFC was evaluated using 1H-MR spectroscopy; fibrosis was measured using the non-invasive FibroTest®. Results: Advanced liver fibrosis (stage F2 or above) was o…

Calidad de vida relacionada con la salud en personas con hipertensión y diabetes mellitus

2021

Objetivo: Determinar los factores sociodemográficos y clínicos asociados a la Calidad de Vida relacionada con la salud (CVRS) en personas con hipertensión arterial y diabetes mellitus tipo 2.Métodos: Estudio analítico de corte transversal en una muestra de 184 usuarios de un programa de control de riesgo cardiovascular en Bucaramanga (Colombia). Se utilizó el instrumento EQ-5D-3L para evaluar la calidad de vida. Un modelo de regresión lineal múltiple fue llevado a cabo usando como desenlace la Escala Visual Análoga y como posibles predictores las dimensiones del EQ-5D, ajustando por edad, sexo, grupo de intervención (variable instrumental) y variables clínicas como la patología de base y el…