Search results for "Uber"
showing 10 items of 1027 documents
Bio-Sintering/Bio-Fusion of Silica in Sponge Spicules
2012
The synthesis of siliceous spicules in both demosponges and hexactinellids is enzymatically driven via silicatein. This enzyme exists both intra-spicularly and in the extra-spicular space. It catalyzes the formation of bio-silica constituting the silica lamellae that are formed during the appositional (layer-by-layer) growth of the spicules. The extent of (bio-silica forming) activity of silicatein from the demosponge Suberites domuncula measured in vitro reflects the amount of bio-silica required for the formation of spicules in vivo. It is shown that during growth and maturation of the spicules in demosponges a bio-fusion process occurs that results in an intra-spicular sintering of the s…
Local adaptation in populations ofMycobacterium tuberculosisendemic to the Indian Ocean Rim
2020
AbstractLineage 1 (L1) and 3 (L3) are two lineages of theMycobacterium tuberculosiscomplex (MTBC), causing tuberculosis (TB) in humans. L1 and L3 are endemic to the Rim of the Indian Ocean, the region that accounts for most of the world’s new TB cases. Despite their relevance for this region, L1 and L3 remain understudied. Here we analyzed 2,938 L1 and 2,030 L3 whole genome sequences originating from 69 countries. We show that South Asia played a central role in the dispersion of these two lineages to neighboring regions. Moreover, we found that L1 exhibits signatures of local adaptation at theesxHlocus, a gene coding for a secreted effector that targets the human endosomal sorting complex,…
Flashing light in sponges through their siliceous fiber network: A new strategy of “neuronal transmission” in animals
2012
Sponges (phylum Porifera) represent a successful animal taxon that evolved prior to the Ediacaran-Cambrian boundary (542 million years ago). They have developed an almost complete array of cell- and tissue-based interaction systems necessary for the establishment of a functional, multicellular body. However, a network of neurons, one cell/tissue-communication system is missing in sponges. This fact is puzzling and enigmatic, because these animals possess receptors known to be involved in the nervous system in evolutionary younger animal phyla. As an example, the metabotropic glutamate/GABA-like receptor has been identified and cloned by us. Recently, we have identified a novel light transmi…
Silicateins, silicatein interactors and cellular interplay in sponge skeletogenesis: formation of glass fiber-like spicules
2012
Biomineralization processes are characterized by controlled deposition of inorganic polymers/minerals mediated by functional groups linked to organic templates. One metazoan taxon, the siliceous sponges, has utilized these principles and even gained the ability to form these polymers/minerals by an enzymatic mechanism using silicateins. Silicateins are the dominant protein species present in the axial canal of the skeletal elements of the siliceous sponges, the spicules, where they form the axial filament. Silicateins also represent a major part of the organic components of the silica lamellae, which are cylindrically arranged around the axial canal. With the demosponge Suberites domuncula …
Are Polyfunctional Cells Protective in M. tuberculosis Infection?
2012
Tuberculosis (TB) continues to claim almost 2 million lives each year, and causes active TB disease in over 9 million new cases yearly. Control of TB is further impeded by the strong increase in TB morbidity and mortality due to HIV co-infection, and the rise of multi-drug resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) strains (WHO. Global tuberculosis control: surveillance, planning, financing: WHO 10 report 2008). Clinical disease does not develop in the vast majority (90-98%) of all Mtb infected individuals, providing compelling evidence that the human system is capable of controlling the pathogen. However, these clinically asymptomatic subjects do …
Antibacterial activity of the sponge Suberites domuncula and its primmorphs: potential basis for epibacterial chemical defense
2003
The epibacterial chemical defense of the marine sponge Suberites domuncula was explored by screening sponge extract, sponge primmorph (3-D aggregates containing proliferating cells) extract and sponge-associated as well as primmorph-associated bacteria for antibacterial activ- ity. 16S rDNA sequencing revealed that the antimicrobially active bacteria belonged to the α - and γ- subdivisions of Proteobacteria (α -Proteobacterium MBIC 3368, Idiomarina sp. and Pseudomonas sp., respectively). Moreover, a recombinant perforin-like protein was cloned from S. domuncula that dis- played strong antibacterial activity. Based on these observations, it is proposed that the sponge may be provided with a …
Pagasttiesas un zemnieku Virstiesas Vidzemes guberņas latviešu daļā no 1889. gada līdz 1917. gadam
2018
Maģistra darbā pētīta Vidzemes guberņas latviešu daļas pagasttiesu un zemnieku virstiesu darbība, funkcijas, biežākie pārkāpumi un nepilnības no 1889. gada Krievijas impērijā īstenotās tieslietu reformas līdz pat zemnieku tiesu iestāžu likvidēšanai 1917. g. nogalē. Darba gaitā tika secināts, ka zemnieku tiesu iestādes pēc 1889. gada Krievijas impērijas tieslietu reformas bija kļuva par pilntiesīgām tiesu iestādēm, kurās darbojās vietējo pagastu zemnieki. Pagasttiesas un zemnieku virstiesas bija iedzīvotājiem pieejamas un spēja nodrošināt iedzīvotājiem viņu interešu aizstāvību un veica arī pagasta sociālās funkcijas visā to darbības laikā. Tās ļāva latviešu zemniekiem iegūt pieredzi saskarsm…
Vidzemes guberņas pagasttiesas 19.gadsimtā: Valmieras apriņķa pagasttiesas iecirkņu piemērs
2016
Bakalaura darba nosaukums “Vidzemes guberņas pagasttiesas 19. gadsimtā: Valmieras apriņķa pagasttiesas iecirkņu piemērs”. Darbā pētītas Vidzemes guberņas latviešu daļas pagasttiesu funkcijas, pakļautība un to nozīme zemnieku tiesību aizstāvībā un tiesiskās izpratnes veidošanā. Darba gaitā tika secināts, ka 19. gs. gaitā pagasttiesas bija izgājušas zināmu attīstības procesu no sākotnējā, kad to funkcijās bija vērojama būtiska muižas ietekme, līdz laikam, kad tās kļuva par pilntiesīgu tiesu iestādi, kurā zemnieki varēja vērsties pēc tiesiskās aizsardzības. Pagasttiesas ļāva latviešu zemniekiem iegūt pieredzi saskarsmē ar tiesu un citām valsts institūcijām un, radot izpratni par pienākumiem un…
Vidzemes muižu zemnieku sociālekonomiskais portrets 19.gs. pirmajā pusē: Lielvārdes muižas piemērs
2022
Bakalaura darba “Vidzemes muižu zemnieku sociālekonomiskais portrets 19. gs. pirmajā pusē: Lielvārdes muižas piemērs” mērķis ir analizēt 19. gadsimta pirmās puses sociālekonomisko un politisko norišu ietekmi uz Vidzemes zemnieku dzīves apstākļiem, par piemēru ņemot Lielvārdes privātmuižu. Darba ietvaros tiek analizēti 18. gadsimta un 19. gadsimta pirmās puses notikumi (zemnieku nemieri, Napoleona kari), Vidzemes muižniecība, tās izdotie likumi, kā arī informācija par Lielvārdes muižas zemniekiem šajā laikā. Darba rezultātā papildināta informācija par šo samērā maz pētīto muižu un analizēti dažādo notikumu, it īpaši dzimtbūšanas atcelšanas, ietekme uz zemnieku stāvokli īstermiņā.
Fine-scale spatial genetic structure analysis of the black truffle T uber aestivum and its link to aroma variability
2015
Truffles are symbiotic fungi in high demand by food connoisseurs. Improving yield and product quality requires a better understanding of truffle genetics and aroma biosynthesis. One aim here was to investigate the diversity and fine-scale spatial genetic structure of the Burgundy truffle Tuber aestivum. The second aim was to assess how genetic structuring along with fruiting body maturation and geographical origin influenced single constituents of truffle aroma. A total of 39 Burgundy truffles collected in two orchards were characterized in terms of aroma profile (SPME-GC/MS) and genotype (microsatellites). A moderate genetic differentiation was observed between the populations of the two o…