Search results for "Ultra"

2020

Time-resolved photoemission with ultrafast pump and probe pulses is an emerging technique with wide application potential. Real-time recording of nonequilibrium electronic processes, transient states in chemical reactions, or the interplay of electronic and structural dynamics offers fascinating opportunities for future research. Combining valence-band and core-level spectroscopy with photoelectron diffraction for electronic, chemical, and structural analyses requires few 10 fs soft X-ray pulses with some 10 meV spectral resolution, which are currently available at high repetition rate free-electron lasers. We have constructed and optimized a versatile setup commissioned at FLASH/PG2 that c…

Mixed-Mode Operation of Hybrid Phase-Change Nanophotonic Circuits

2016

Phase change materials (PCMs) are highly attractive for nonvolatile electrical and all-optical memory applications because of unique features such as ultrafast and reversible phase transitions, long-term endurance, and high scalability to nanoscale dimensions. Understanding their transient characteristics upon phase transition in both the electrical and the optical domains is essential for using PCMs in future multifunctional optoelectronic circuits. Here, we use a PCM nanowire embedded into a nanophotonic circuit to study switching dynamics in mixed-mode operation. Evanescent coupling between light traveling along waveguides and a phase-change nanowire enables reversible phase transition b…

Single crystal-like thin films of blue bronze

2021

Abstract Pulsed laser deposition technique was employed to grow thin films of K 0.3 M o O 3 on A l 2 O 3 (1-102) and S r T i O 3 (510) substrates. Structural and imaging characterization revealed good quality films with well oriented grains of few microns in length. Both non-selective (transport) and order-selective (femtosecond pump-probe spectroscopy) probes revealed charge density wave properties that are very close to those of the single crystals. The films exhibit metal-semiconductor phase transition in resistivity, pump-probe data show phase transition at the same temperature as the single crystal and the threshold for the photo-induced phase transition is approximately the same as in…

Suppression of the vacuum space-charge effect in fs-photoemission by a retarding electrostatic front lens

2021

Review of scientific instruments 92(5), 053703 (2021). doi:10.1063/5.0046567

Broadband Ultrahigh-Resolution Spectroscopy of Particle-Induced X Rays: Extending the Limits of Nondestructive Analysis

2016

Nondestructive analysis (NDA) based on x-ray emission is widely used, for example, in the semiconductor and concrete industries. Here, we demonstrate significant quantitative and qualitative improvements in broadband x-ray NDA by combining particle-induced emission with detection based on superconducting microcalorimeter arrays. We show that the technique offers great promise in the elemental analysis of thin-film and bulk samples, especially in the difficult cases where tens of different elements with nearly overlapping emission lines have to be identified down to trace concentrations. We demonstrate the efficiency and resolving capabilities by spectroscopy of several complex multielement …

Ultrasonic nebulization inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry method for wine analysis

2020

Abstract A methodology was developed to determine mineral elements in wines using Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry combined with ultrasonic nebulization. The concentration of 36 elements (Al, B, Ba, Bi, Ca, Cd, Ce, Co, Cr, Dy, Er, Eu, Fe, Gd, K, La, Lu, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Nd, Ni, Pb, Pr, Sb, Sc, Sm, Sr, Tb, Ti, Tm, V, Y, Yb, and Zn) was determined in 59 wine samples and used to distinguish between Brazilian and Spanish wines. The best conditions for the plasma were selected using a two-level factorial design: radiofrequency power 1500 W; plasma gas flow rate 15 L min−1; auxiliary 0.70 L min−1; and nebulizer 0.40 L min−1. An exploratory multivariate analysis by Principal…

Stealth dicing with ultrafast Bessel beams with engineered transverse profiles

2017

International audience; We investigate high-speed glass cleaving with ultrafast laser beams with engineered transverse intensity profile. We achieve accuracy of ~ 1 µm at 25 mm/s and drastically enhance cleavability compared to standard Bessel beams.

Experimental investigation of the effect of moisture on the acoustic properties of lightweight substrates used in green envelopes

2021

International audience; Substrates are used in green walls and roofs to supply air and water to the roots of the growing plants. These substrates are porous with micropores which store water and macropores which facilitate drainage and air entry. Effect of moisture on acoustic absorption is studied for two lightweight substrates: coir dust and perlite. Measurement of dry and moistened substrates are conducted to evaluate their effective speed of sound, attenuation, characteristic impedance, compressibility and density between 100 Hz and 1000 Hz using an impedance tube and the three microphone-two load method. Effect of moisture on these quantities is found to depend strongly upon the intera…

Influence of the MgO barrier thickness on the lifetime characteristics of magnetic tunnelling junctions for sensors

2016

Magnetic tunnelling junctions increasingly enter the market for magnetic sensor applications. Thus, technological parameters such as the lifetime characteristics become more and more important. Here, an analysis of the lifetime characteristics of magnetic tunnelling junctions using the Weibull statistical distribution for CoFeB/MgO/CoFeB junctions is presented. The Weibull distribution is governed by two parameters, the characteristic lifetime η of the population and the shape parameter β, which gives information about the presence of an infant mortality. The suitability of the Weibull distribution is demonstrated for the description of dielectric breakdown processes in MgO-based tunnelling…

Carbonyl-functionalized quaterthiophenes: a study of the vibrational Raman and electronic absorption/emission properties guided by theoretical calcul…

2011

This work investigates the evolution of the molecular, vibrational, and optical properties within a family of carbonyl-functionalized quaterthiophenes: 5,5'''-diheptanoyl-2,2':5',2'':5'',2'''-quaterthiophene (1), 5,5'''-diperfluorohexylcarbonyl-2,2':5',2'':5'',2'''-quaterthiophene (2), and 2,7-[bis(5-perfluorohexylcarbonylthien-2-yl)]-4H-cyclopenta[2,1-b:3,4-b']-dithiophene-4-one (3). The analysis is performed by Raman and UV/Vis absorption/excitation/fluorescence spectroscopy in combination with density functional calculations. Theoretical calculations show that substitution with carbonyl groups and perfluorohexyl chains induces progressive quinoidization of the π-conjugated backbone in co…