Search results for "Union"
showing 10 items of 2069 documents
Eurosceptic Contagion and European Elections
2021
At the onset, the starting perspective here has been that the main arena for political struggle is the national one. One of the most influential approaches in the study of European and European Union politics has been the second-order election thesis (Reif & Schmitt, 1980). According to this school of thought, elections to the European Parliament have actually functioned as somewhat less important national elections (hence second order, akin to US midterm elections), and the main arena for political conflict over EU policy lies at the national level. This book has so far largely shared these assumptions and premises and has as a consequence focused on the effect of Eurosceptic Parties’ succ…
Competitive Risks in the Sharing Economy and the European Union Market Regulation
2016
The massive reduction of costs due to efficient platform brokerage has allowed the “collaborative commons” to expand and evolve, and also to create new and very efficient markets: the so-called “sharing economy”. However, bigger and more efficient sharing platforms also have some drawbacks, such as the concern that these powerful digital brokers could harm fair competition. Nevertheless, economic models seem to support the idea that digital platforms have rarely inhibited the emergence of competitors, nor do they seem to be extracting predatory benefits by abusing their position to the detriment of consumers. This relative lack of risk has pushed competition authorities across Europe to pro…
Biopiracy versus One-World Medicine-From colonial relicts to global collaborative concepts.
2017
Abstract Background Practices of biopiracy to use genetic resources and indigenous knowledge by Western companies without benefit-sharing of those, who generated the traditional knowledge, can be understood as form of neocolonialism. Hypothesis The One-World Medicine concept attempts to merge the best of traditional medicine from developing countries and conventional Western medicine for the sake of patients around the globe. Study design Based on literature searches in several databases, a concept paper has been written. Legislative initiatives of the United Nations culminated in the Nagoya protocol aim to protect traditional knowledge and regulate benefit-sharing with indigenous communiti…
On the determination of coherent solar climates over a tropical island with a complex topography
2020
Abstract Many tropical islands aim at developing a greener self-sufficient energy production systems based on renewable energy, notably solar-generated electricity. This work explores the mean diurnal and annual solar cycles over La Reunion island (southwest Indian Ocean: 21°S, 55.5°E), and their spatial behavior, using the Solar surfAce RAdiation Heliosat – East (SARAH-E) satellite-derived data at high spatial ( 0.05 ° × 0.05 ° ) and time (hourly) resolutions over period 1999–2016. Comparisons of the SARAH-E data with ground-based measurements over the period 2011–2015 show differences of ~ 15 % for diurnal-seasonal variations. The solar resource over the island displays strong spatial var…
European Integration and Inequality among Countries: A Lifecycle Income Analysis
2012
We analyze the effects of the expansions of the European Union on inequality using an approach based on individuals' lifecycle incomes. This allows us to consider the effect of different rates of growth and survival rates. This differs form the usual analyses of inequality that focus on the evolution of current per capita income for the period. Our results show that inequality in terms of permanent income was substantially less than in current per capita income at the time of all the expansions except those of the last ten years. The results point to the key role of policies that stimulate growth in the less developed countries. With an annual β-convergence of 2% in current income, inequali…
An Assessment of Carousel Value-Added Tax Fraud in The European Carbon Market
2017
AbstractThe literature on the European Union Emission Trading System (EU ETS) is by now very rich. Much is known about the efficiency, the effectiveness, and the environmental and distributional impacts of the EU ETS. Less, however, is known about the carousel value-added-tax (VAT) fraud phenomena in the European carbon market. This article evaluates the welfare effects of carousel VAT fraud in the EU ETS using a computable general equilibrium (CGE) analysis. According to our findings, if VAT fraud occurs in the EU ETS, the effects on welfare for the EU Member States are negative, with welfare loss significantly higher than the VAT fraud value. This article also discusses the reverse charge…
Serious Games for Health and Safety Training
2011
EUROSTAT figures show that 5720 people die in the European Union every year as a consequence of work-related accidents. Training in Health and Safety is indeed a key aspect to reduce this figure, and serious games constitute an effective method to provide this training. However, the development of this type of computer applications is a complex issue, requiring cross discipline knowledge on different areas, including instructional design, psychology, sociology, law, and computer graphics. Beyond the challenges already present in the development of non-educational computer games, serious games for health and safety are instructional tools. Therefore, they require an instructional design to c…
Fronteras por definir, descontento creciente, alianzas inestables y amenazas externas: la Unión Europea y su tormenta perfecta
2018
espanolLa Union Europea se halla en una crisis existencial tan evidente que incluso politicos y analistas con antecedentes ideologicos diametralmente opues-tos han acabado coincidiendo en su diagnostico, y en la necesidad urgente de una terapia de choque que detenga lo que parece una carrera hacia la destruccion del proyecto europeo. El proposito del presente ensayo es pasar revista —aun al precio de tener que ser extraordinariamente sintetico en su abordaje— a los problemas que han sumido a la Union Europea en la mas grave crisis de su ya larga historia. Problemas que en todo caso son susceptibles de agruparse en cuatro grandes rubros: los que han ralentizado y hasta invertido el proceso d…
Continuing Education in the Health Sciences in Spain
2008
<div class="ftSection"><span class="ftInlineSubsectionTitle">Background:</span><p>Employers have long been concerned about the professional qualifications of their employees. Decision makers in the health sciences are no exception, particularly now that they are seriously considering the improvement and full accreditation of continuing education as part of the planned European convergence.</p></div><div class="ftSection"><span class="ftInlineSubsectionTitle">Method:</span><p>Medical and nursing professionals were questioned about their views on continuing education, suitable content of possible programs, and implementation, in comp…
A Bayesian unified framework for risk estimation and cluster identification in small area health data analysis.
2020
Many statistical models have been proposed to analyse small area disease data with the aim of describing spatial variation in disease risk. In this paper, we propose a Bayesian hierarchical model that simultaneously allows for risk estimation and cluster identification. Our model formulation assumes that there is an unknown number of risk classes and small areas are assigned to a risk class by means of independent allocation variables. Therefore, areas within each cluster are assumed to share a common risk but they may be geographically separated. The posterior distribution of the parameter representing the number of risk classes is estimated using a novel procedure that combines its prior …