Search results for "VAI"
showing 10 items of 5155 documents
Nomenclatural remarks on Carex sect. Sylvaticae (Cyperaceae): C. laxula and related names
2018
Our taxonomic and nomenclatural research reveals that the name ‘Carex laxula Tineo ex Boott’ (section Sylvaticae) has not been validly published. Consequently, the oldest available name for the species is Carex paui Sennen. A lectotype for the valid name Carex sylvatica var. laxula Tineo ex Guss. is here designated.
Dose Responsive Effects of Subcutaneous Pentosan Polysulfate Injection in Mucopolysaccharidosis Type VI Rats and Comparison to Oral Treatment
2014
Background We previously demonstrated the benefits of daily, oral pentosan polysulfate (PPS) treatment in a rat model of mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) type VI. Herein we compare these effects to once weekly, subcutaneous (s.c.) injection. The bioavailability of injected PPS is greater than oral, suggesting better delivery to difficult tissues such as bone and cartilage. Injected PPS also effectively treats osteoarthritis in animals, and has shown success in osteoarthritis patients. Methodology/principal findings One-month-old MPS VI rats were given once weekly s.c. injections of PPS (1, 2 and 4 mg/kg, human equivalent dose (HED)), or daily oral PPS (4 mg/kg HED) for 6 months. Serum inflammato…
An approach to As(III) and As(V) bioavailability studies with Caco-2 cells
2005
Foods and drinking water are the main sources of human exposure to inorganic arsenic [As(III) and As(V)]. After oral ingestion, the intestinal epithelium is the first barrier to absorption of these species. A human intestinal cell line (Caco-2) was used to evaluate cell retention and transport of As(III) (15.6-156.0 microM) and/or As(V) (15.4-170.6 microM). Cell monolayer integrity, cell viability, membrane damage and effects on cell metabolism were evaluated. Only the highest concentrations assayed [As(III): 156.0 microM; As(V): 170.6 microM] produced a cytotoxic effect with different cellular targets: As(III) altered the permeability of tight junctions, and As(V) caused uncoupling of the …
Study of the cytotoxic activity of beauvericin and fusaproliferin and bioavailability in vitro on Caco-2 cells.
2010
Abstract Beauvericin (BEA) is a cyclohexadepsipeptide mycotoxin which has insecticidal properties and produces cytotoxic effects in mammalian cells. Fusaproliferin (FUS) is a mycotoxin that has toxic activity against brine shrimp, insect cells, and teratogenic effects on chicken embryos. The aim of this study was to determine the cytotoxicity of BEA and FUS in human epithelial colorectal adenocarcinoma HT-29 and Caco-2 cells, the transepithelial transport and the bioavailability using Caco-2 cells as a simulated in vitro gastrointestinal model of the human intestinal epithelium. The inhibitory concentration (IC 50 ) evidenced by BEA in the Caco-2 cells was 24.6 and 12.7 μM at 24 and 48 h ex…
Novel Lipid and Polymeric Materials as Delivery Systems for Nucleic Acid Based Drugs
2015
Nucleic acid based drugs (NADBs) are short DNA/RNA molecules that include among others, antisense oligonucleotides, aptamers, small interfering RNAs and micro-interfering RNAs. Despite the different mechanisms of actions, NABDs have the ability to combat the effects of pathological gene expression in many experimental systems. Thus, nowadays, NABDs are considered to have a great therapeutic potential, possibly superior to that of available drugs. Unfortunately, however, the lack of effective delivery systems limits the practical use of NABDs. Due to their hydrophilic nature, NABDs cannot efficiently cross cellular membrane; in addition, they are subjected to fast degradation by cellular and…
Enseignement artistique et marché, quelles relations ? Pour une conception élargie de la qualification
2022
International audience; L'objet de l'analyse est de relier l'enseignement (ses méthodes et ses contenus) au fonctionnement du marché du travail, en se concentrant spécifiquement sur les formations artistiques. L'auteur part des caractéristiques de l’œuvre d'art et montre comment ce bien hors du commun est, de façon a priori paradoxale et avec d'éventuelles tensions, enseigné. Il pose la question de la médiation du maître, de la place de la certification. Il en pointe les conséquences sur la relation - difficile - entre la formation et l'emploi et, en réponse, la tendance à la professionnalisation vers laquelle semblent s'orienter les écoles d'art.
Kriminālatbildība par ceļu satiksmes noteikumu un transportlīdzekļu ekspluatācijas noteikumu pārkāpšanu
2017
Ceļu satiksmes noteikumu un transportlīdzekļu ekspluatācijas noteikumu pārkāpšana ir aktuāls jautājums ne tikai administratīvajās tiesībās, bet arī krimināltiesībās. Noteikumu pārkāpšana apdraud sabiedriskās drošības intereses transportlīdzekļu kustības drošības un ekspluatācijas jomās. Bakalaura darba mērķis ir izpētīt ceļu satiksmes noteikumu un transportlīdzekļu ekspluatācijas noteikumu pārkāpšanas krimināltiesiskos aspektus, veicot noziedzīga nodarījuma analīzi un noteikumu pārkāpšanas krimināltiesisko regulējumu. Autore pētot Krimināllikuma 260.pantu pievēršas regulēšanas un piemērošanas problēmjautājumiem, un sniedz priekšlikumus. Rezultātā tiek uzsvērts, ka ceļu satiksmes noteikumu u…
Latvijas ceļveži krievu un poļu valodā : kontrastīvais aspekts.
2015
Aleksandra Maria Žmuda Latvijas ceļveži krievu un poļu valodā: kontrastīvais aspekts: maģistra darbs. – Rīga, 2015. Pētījums veltīts Latvijas ceļvežu analīzei krievu un poļu valodās. Ceļveži tiek izskatīti kontrastīvajā un hronoloģiskajā aspektā. Pētījuma galvenais mērķis ir leksiskā materiāla analīze, ar kuras palīdzību tiek noteiktas makrovienības, kas rada neviennozīmīgo Latvijas tēlu dažādu valodu ceļvežos. Šis tēls tiek radīts ar vairāku valodas līdzekļu palīdzību: leksiku (verbiem, īpašības vārdiem, lietvārdiem u.c.), vērtēšanas semantiku, tēlainās izteiksmes līdzekļiem. Darba autore salīdzina un analīzē ceļvežu tekstus un noteic leksiski semantisko struktūru neatbilstību. Šādas neatb…
Model and optimal Call Admission Policy in Cellular Mobile Networks
2000
For current cellular networks, two important Quality of Service (QoS) measures are the fractions of new and handoff calls that are blocked due to unavailability of channels. Based on these QoS measures, we propose a queuing network model with impatient users for handoff and new calls in cellular mobile networks. The number of simultaneous calls, that can be supported, is modeled by C identical servers with exponentially distributed session duration for each one of them. Priority is given to handoffs over new calls. We use for that a Guard Channel policy that reserves a set of CH channels for handoff calls, new calls being served at their arrival if there are more than CH available channels.…
Toward Biopredictive Dissolution for Enteric Coated Dosage Forms
2016
The aim of this work was to develop a phosphate buffer based dissolution method for enteric-coated formulations with improved biopredictivity for fasted conditions. Two commercially available enteric-coated aspirin products were used as model formulations (Aspirin Protect 300 mg, and Walgreens Aspirin 325 mg). The disintegration performance of these products in a physiological 8 mM pH 6.5 bicarbonate buffer (representing the conditions in the proximal small intestine) was used as a standard to optimize the employed phosphate buffer molarity. To account for the fact that a pH and buffer molarity gradient exists along the small intestine, the introduction of such a gradient was proposed for p…