Search results for "Variable"
showing 10 items of 1674 documents
Duopoly and Product Design
2014
Competition in product design is considered in the context of a circular duopoly model where each duopolist can choose either a standardized design or a customized version of its product. We examine the circumstances that lead to multiple equilibria, and characterize the type of equilibrium as a function of both the customization costs and the lower bound on the degree of customization. In the welfare analysis, it is shown that the degree of customization offered in equilibrium can be substantially different from the socially optimal level of this variable.
Efficient Port Pricing: A New Methodology Applied to Spanish Commercial Ports
2000
This paper presents a methodology for determining efficient tariffs for the services provided by commercial ports. With this method, efficient unit profits can be obtained for the services offered and their margins of sensitivity can be found. This allows port authorities to determine what actions should be taken with regard to tariffs and/or variable costs in order to optimise their economic results. At the same time, shadow prices of port resources and their limits of sensitivity can be obtained, thus providing port authorities with orientation regarding which resources should be augmented and by how much. In the early 90's, this methodology was applied to all Spanish commercial ports and…
Only Pricing Policy Matters
2017
This paper aims to determine which factors affect e-commerce conversion rate, which is the relationship between website visitors and purchasers.
Fixed Costs Per Shipment
2011
Exporting firms do not only decide how much of their products they ship abroad but also at which frequency. Doing so, they face a trade-off between saving on fixed costs per shipments (by shipping large amounts infrequently) and saving on storage costs (by delivering just in time with small and frequent shipments). The firm's optimal choice defines a mapping from size and frequency of shipments to fixed costs per shipment. We use a unique dataset of Swiss cross-border trade on the transaction level to analyze the size and shape of the underlying fixed costs. The data suggest that for the average Swiss exporter the fixed costs per shipment are economically important: 0.82 percent of the valu…
Evaluating the missing links in the relationship between executives' compensation and firm performance
2014
The research on the relationship between executive compensation and firm performance is extensive but has produced inconsistent results and, typically, weak explanatory power. One cause of these results is use of an incomplete theoretical framework that ignores some variables that are related to these two concepts. We explore the missing links between them. The paper contributes to scholarly and practical understanding of this important issue in the literature by extending and combining agency theory, upper echelons theory, and motivation theory perspectives. The paper develops a model that describes and explains the interactive relationship between executive managerial ability, executive c…
FOREIGN MONOPOLIES AND TARIFF AGREEMENTS UNDER INTEGRATED MARKETS
2005
In this paper the optimal policy and the stability of a tariff agreement among the importers of a monopolized good that is sold in an integrated market are studied. To analyze the stability, the tariff agreement formation is modelled as a two-stage game. In the first stage each importer decides whether or not to sign the agreement and in the second stage the signatories and non-signatories choose their tariff whereas the monopoly chooses the quantity or the price. The findings show that the optimal policy of the importers depends on which strategic variable is selected by the monopolist but that, on the contrary, this decision has no effects on the level of cooperation that can be reached b…
Self-imaging properties of a periodic microlens array: versatile array illuminator realization
1994
Abstract The general features of the wavefield diffracted by a microlens array are described. The transversal periodicity of both a refractive and a diffractive periodic microlens array allows to obtain a set of replicas of the focal intensity distribution along the optical axis of the system, with different multiplicity. The result is applied for implementing a versatile optical array illuminator, with a variable density of bright spots at the output plane. Some experimental results of the procedure are shown.
Strong solutions to a parabolic equation with linear growth with respect to the gradient variable
2018
Abstract In this paper we prove existence and uniqueness of strong solutions to the homogeneous Neumann problem associated to a parabolic equation with linear growth with respect to the gradient variable. This equation is a generalization of the time-dependent minimal surface equation. Existence and regularity in time of the solution is proved by means of a suitable pseudoparabolic relaxed approximation of the equation and a passage to the limit.
Sequence polymorphism of mitochondrial DNA control region in Japanese.
1998
Sequence polymorphisms of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region, hypervariable regions I and II, from 100 unrelated Japanese were determined by PCR amplification and direct sequencing. Sequences of 404 nucleotides for hypervariable region I and 379 nucleotides for region II were obtained. Variable sites (85 and 45) were revealed in region I and region II, respectively, as compared to the reference sequence, and a total of 96 different genetic patterns from both regions I and II were determined. A point mutation heteroplasmy was observed at the ratio of approximately 50:50 from one individual at the sequence position 151 showing a nucleotide transition from C to T. The probability of …
Phylogenetic analysis of Sicilian goats reveals a new mtDNA lineage.
2006
The mitochondrial hypervariable region 1 (HVR1) sequence of 67 goats belonging to the Girgentana, Maltese and Derivata di Siria breeds was partially sequenced in order to present the first phylogenetic characterization of Sicilian goat breeds. These sequences were compared with published sequences of Indian and Pakistani domestic goats and wild goats. Mitochondrial lineage A was observed in most of the Sicilian goats. However, three Girgentana haplotypes were highly divergent from the Capra hircus clade, indicating that a new mtDNA lineage in domestic goats was found.