Search results for "Virus"
showing 10 items of 5024 documents
Milker's nodule: an occupational infection and threat to the immunocompromised
2017
Milker's nodule virus, also called paravaccinia virus is a DNA virus of the parapoxvirus genus transmitted from infected cows to humans. It results from contact with cattle, cattle byproducts, or fomites. Classified as an occupational disorder, those at risk of exposure include farmers, butchers, and agricultural tourists. The viral infection begins 5-15 days after inoculation as an erythematous-purple, round nodule with a clear depressed center, and a surrounding erythematous ring. While familiar to those in farming communities, the presence of the nodule may be concerning to others, particularly the immunosuppressed. Milker's nodules are self-limited in immunocompetent individuals and hea…
The expression and prognostic relevance of programmed cell death protein 1 in tongue squamous cell carcinoma
2020
Background Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD‐1) is an immune checkpoint receptor which plays an important role in a patient´s immune responses to microbial and cancer antigens. It is expressed in tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) with many different malignancies. The aim of the study was to evaluate PD‐1 expression and its prognostic value in tongue cancer. Methods The data of tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) patients (N=81) treated in Tampere University Hospital between 1999‐2013 was used. Control data consisted of patients with non‐malignant tongue mucous membrane lesions (N=48). The formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded samples were stained immunohistochemically and scanned via dig…
Viral Bcl2s' transmembrane domain interact with host Bcl2 proteins to control cellular apoptosis
2020
© The Author(s) 2020.
Ubiquitous giants: a plethora of giant viruses found in Brazil and Antarctica
2018
Background Since the discovery of giant viruses infecting amoebae in 2003, many dogmas of virology have been revised and the search for these viruses has been intensified. Over the last few years, several new groups of these viruses have been discovered in various types of samples and environments.In this work, we describe the isolation of 68 giant viruses of amoeba obtained from environmental samples from Brazil and Antarctica. Methods Isolated viruses were identified by hemacolor staining, PCR assays and electron microscopy (scanning and/or transmission). Results A total of 64 viruses belonging to the Mimiviridae family were isolated (26 from lineage A, 13 from lineage B, 2 from lineage C…
Computational analysis of macrolides as SARS-CoV-2 main protease inhibitors: a pattern recognition study based on molecular topology and validated by…
2021
Since the outbreak of the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, much has been discussed about the effectiveness of treatments based on hydroxychloroquine combined with azithromycin or another macrolide. However, few articles have dealt with the possibility of using macrolides alone in treating the disease. In the present article, the authors' hypothesis centers on the possibility that macrolides are effective against SARS-CoV-2 by inhibiting the virus protease. In support of this hypothesis, significant results are collected by following an in silico strategy based on a combination of molecular topology and docking. The results are in accordance with recent clinical data generated during the pandemi…
Host Cell Calpains Can Cleave Structural Proteins from the Enterovirus Polyprotein
2019
Enteroviruses are small RNA viruses that cause diseases with various symptoms ranging from mild to severe. Enterovirus proteins are translated as a single polyprotein, which is cleaved by viral proteases to release capsid and nonstructural proteins. Here, we show that also cellular calpains have a potential role in the processing of the enteroviral polyprotein. Using purified calpains 1 and 2 in an in vitro assay, we show that addition of calpains leads to an increase in the release of VP1 and VP3 capsid proteins from P1 of enterovirus B species, detected by western blotting. This was prevented with a calpain inhibitor and was dependent on optimal calcium concentration, especially for calpa…
Direct Visualization of the Conformational Dynamics of Single Influenza Hemagglutinin Trimers
2018
Influenza hemagglutinin (HA) is the canonical type I viral envelope glycoprotein and provides a template for the membrane-fusion mechanisms of numerous viruses. The current model of HA-mediated membrane fusion describes a static "spring-loaded" fusion domain (HA2) at neutral pH. Acidic pH triggers a singular irreversible conformational rearrangement in HA2 that fuses viral and cellular membranes. Here, using single-molecule Förster resonance energy transfer (smFRET)-imaging, we directly visualized pH-triggered conformational changes of HA trimers on the viral surface. Our analyses reveal reversible exchange between the pre-fusion and two intermediate conformations of HA2. Acidification of p…
Chaperoning the Mononegavirales: Current Knowledge and Future Directions
2018
This article belongs to the Special Issue Breakthroughs in Viral Replication.
Impact of COVID-19 on global HCV elimination efforts.
2021
Background & Aims COVID-19 has placed significant strain on national healthcare systems at a critical moment in the context of hepatitis elimination. Mathematical models can be used to evaluate the possible impact of programmatic delays on hepatitis disease burden. The objective of this analysis was to evaluate the incremental change in hepatitis C liver-related deaths and liver cancer, following a 3-month, 6-month, or 1-year hiatus in hepatitis elimination program progress. Methods Previously developed models were adapted for 110 countries to include a status quo or “no delay” scenario and a “1-year delay” scenario assuming significant disruption in interventions (screening, diagnosis and …
Influenza virus damages the alveolar barrier by disrupting epithelial cell tight junctions
2016
A major cause of respiratory failure during influenza A virus (IAV) infection is damage to the epithelial–endothelial barrier of the pulmonary alveolus. Damage to this barrier results in flooding of the alveolar lumen with proteinaceous oedema fluid, erythrocytes and inflammatory cells. To date, the exact roles of pulmonary epithelial and endothelial cells in this process remain unclear.Here, we used an in vitro co-culture model to understand how IAV damages the pulmonary epithelial–endothelial barrier. Human epithelial cells were seeded on the upper half of a transwell membrane while human endothelial cells were seeded on the lower half. These cells were then grown in co-culture and IAV wa…