Search results for "Voir"

A multi-scenario Decision Support System for real-time operation of over-year multi-reservoir system 2. DSS simulation

2019

A companion paper (Arena et al, 2019) has introduced the architecture of the DSS and has described its governing equations. In a real-time, dynamic decision-making context, it is a tool to support decisions at the current time step concerning water allocations to municipal demand centres and irrigation districts as well as additional intakes from costly water sources in a water resources system featuring reservoirs with over-year behaviour. The DSS is designed as a linearized MIP (mixed integer programming) optimization model and as such, it includes an objective function and constraints on 1) mass balances at system’s nodes, 2) systems’ topology, 3) component’s capacity, 4) spills, as well…

Devoirs

2008

Un Conseil frileux, une décision inégale, une liberté chahutée

2021

International audience

Les jeunes diplômés de bac+5 s'estiment-ils compétents pour occuper leurs emplois ?

2015

En ligne sur http://www.cereq.fr/content/download/15730/126062/file/netdoc142.pdf; National audience; Quelles sont les compétences acquises en formation par les diplômés de l'enseignement supérieur et quelles sont celles, en regard, qui leur sont demandées pour exercer leur emploi ? A travers une évaluation, nécessairement subjective, de leurs compétences par les jeunes diplômés eux-mêmes, les écarts entre l'acquis en formation et le requis dans l'emploi sont mis en évidence. Les résultats présentés dans ce document s'appuient sur l'interrogation, au printemps 2014, d'un échantillon expérimental de l'enquête Génération 2010 constitué de diplômés de bac+5 interrogés par Internet. Ils portent…

Production des règles scolaires et relations de pouvoir(s) dans le système éducatif français : du sujet "discipliné" au sujet post-moderne

2006

06074; Comment distinguer pouvoir et autorité dans le lieu scolaire ? La communication repose sur des enquêtes qualitatives analysant la production des règles scolaires dans le conseil de classe comme dans le quotidien de la classe et la gestion des relations pédagogiques.

Effect of low temperature on starvation-survival of the eel pathogen Vibrio vulnificus biotype 2

1996

At present, no reports exist on the isolation of the eel pathogen Vibrio vulnificus biotype 2 from water samples. Nevertheless, it has recently been demonstrated that this biotype can use water as a route of infection. In the present study, the survival of this pathogen in artificial seawater (ASW) microcosms at different temperatures (25 and 5 degrees C) was investigated during a 50-day period, with biotype 1 as a control, V. vulnificus biotype 2 was able to survive in the culturable state in ASW at 25 degrees C in the free-living form, at least for 50 days, entering into the nonculturable state when exposed to low temperature. In this state, this microorganism survived with reduced rates …

Patterns in Size and Shedding of Fasciola hepatica Eggs by Naturally and Experimentally Infected Murid Rodents

2002

Using samples collected on the island of Corsica, a comparative study was done of the morphometry of Fasciola hepatica eggs shed by cattle and by naturally and experimentally infected murid rodents (wild Mus musculus and Rattus rattus and Rattus norvegicus Wistar laboratory strain). Eggs shed by murids are smaller in size than those shed by naturally infected cattle. A second study analyzed the number of F. hepatica eggs shed in murid feces at different time intervals, i.e., months, days, and 6-hr periods, by the Kato-Katz technique. Both experimentally and naturally infected black rats (R. rattus) were used, and Wistar rats were experimentally infected and included for comparison. The pres…

High temperature and bacteriophages can indirectly select for bacterial pathogenicity in environmental reservoirs

2010

The coincidental evolution hypothesis predicts that traits connected to bacterial pathogenicity could be indirectly selected outside the host as a correlated response to abiotic environmental conditions or different biotic species interactions. To investigate this, an opportunistic bacterial pathogen, Serratia marcescens, was cultured in the absence and presence of the lytic bacteriophage PPV (Podoviridae) at 25°C and 37°C for four weeks (N = 5). At the end, we measured changes in bacterial phage-resistance and potential virulence traits, and determined the pathogenicity of all bacterial selection lines in the Parasemia plantaginis insect model in vivo. Selection at 37°C increased bacterial…

Decreased presence of Langerhans cells is a critical determinant for Indian Post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis.

2015

Post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) is the dermal sequel of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) and occurs after apparent cure or alongside with VL. It is confined to South Asia (India, Nepal and Bangladesh) and East Africa (mainly Sudan), the incidence being 5-10% and 50-60% respectively. In South Asia, as the transmission of VL is anthroponotic, PKDL patients are the proposed disease reservoir, thus assuming epidemiological significance, its eradication being linked to the control of leishmaniasis. In the absence of an animal model and its low incidence, factors contributing towards the immunopathogenesis of PKDL remain an open-ended, yet pertinent question. This study delineated the lesio…

Paleoclimate and bubonic plague: a forewarning of future risk?

2010

Background Human cases of plague (Yersinia pestis) infection originate, ultimately, in the bacterium's wildlife host populations. The epidemiological dynamics of the wildlife reservoir therefore determine the abundance, distribution and evolution of the pathogen, which in turn shape the frequency, distribution and virulence of human cases. Earlier studies have shown clear evidence of climatic forcing on contemporary plague abundance in rodents and humans. Results We find that high-resolution palaeoclimatic indices correlate with plague prevalence and population density in a major plague host species, the great gerbil (Rhombomys opimus), over 1949-1995. Climate-driven models trained on these…