Search results for "WHO"

Efficient growth of sub-micrometric MOF crystals inside the channels of AAO membranes

2013

International audience; A dynamic step-by-step methodology has been implemented to grow the HKUST-1 porous coordination polymer inside commercial anodic aluminium oxide membranes. Efficient crystal growth is achieved from the membrane inner walls and over the whole membrane thickness when copper acetate colloidal suspensions and benzene tricarboxylic acid solutions are forced to flow through the membrane. Sorption properties of the HKUST-1 embedded in membranes show selectivity for CO2 over CO, CH4, O2 and N2 similar to the bulk material.

Results of industrial breadmaking trials of durum wheat wholegrain flour enriched with citrus fruits fibre

2016

Analyse de la digitalisation du canal de distribution : une approche triadique dans l’étude du risque de désintermédiation des grossistes traditionne…

2020

Intermediaries are little studied in Management Science. The research proposes to put forward a particular type of intermediary that is the wholesaler. Faced with the digitization of all sectors, it is interesting to question the capacity of wholesalers to generate added value in the distribution channel. Based on the triadic methodology and the field of study, it turns out that digital can modify one of the inter-organizational relational processes. In the absence of a strong demand for downstream distribution channels, wholesalers are struggling to put in place a digital strategy that makes sense. On the other hand, this delay allows the industrialist to take the lead on information flows…

The Influence of the Digitalisation of the Distribution Channel in the Process of Bypassing Wholesalers: The Case of a Distribution Triad

2022

• ObjectivesThe wholesaler, a traditional player in distribution, has been going through a new phase in its evolution over the last twenty years. Driven by the digitalisation of activities, upstream and downstream players are trying to bypass it and new players such as commercial platforms are appearing. In order to understand this phenomenon, this research analyses how the wholesaler manages to keep a part of the flows between the actors of the distribution channel.• MethodA qualitative analysis by individual interviews within the building materials sector highlights the appropriation of informational flows by manufacturers leading to the phenomenon of partial disintermediation which affec…

Resistance of traditional wholesalers: a dichotomy of flows within the distribution channel

2020

The wholesaler has often been threatened with the risk of disintermediation both upstream and downstream of the distribution channel. Wholesalers, in their role as intermediaries, remain established in many sectors. The Internet has also generated a current of re-intermediation via digital platforms. The article starts from the premise that wholesalers are always essential players in the distribution channel and increase their value proposition through services and digital. As part of a qualitative study in the French market for the sale of building materials, an interesting phenomenon emerged. It is the partial disintermediation of wholesalers for the benefit of industrialists. This partia…

Booster vaccination after neonatal priming with acellular pertussis vaccine.

2010

After a birth dose of acellular pertussis (aP) and diphtheria (DT)aP-hepatitis B virus (HBV)-inactivated polio vaccine (IPV)/ Haemophilus influenza type b (Hib) at 2, 4, and 6 months, a booster dose of DTaP-HBV-IPV/Hib at 12 to 23 months induced strong anti-pertussis booster responses. Thus, neonatal aP priming did not lead to immune tolerance to pertussis antigens. However, it elicited bystander interference on HBV, Hib, and diphtheria responses.

ACELLULAR PERTUSSIS VACCINE COMPOSED OF GENETICALLY INACTIVATED PERTUSSIS TOXIN: SAFETY AND IMMUNOGENICITY IN 12- TO 24- AND 2-TO 4-MONTH-OLD CHILDREN

1992

To determine whether a nontoxic derivative of pertussis toxin obtained by recombinant DNA technology, PT-9K/129G, is a good candidate for a new pertussis vaccine, we examined the safety and the immunogenicity in children of a vaccine containing 15 micrograms of PT-9K/129G protein and 0.5 mg of aluminum hydroxide per dose. Fifty-three children 12 to 24 months of age and 21 infants aged 2 to 4 months were injected with two and three doses, respectively. The vaccine did not induce significant local or systemic reactions and elicited an increase of antibody titer in more than 98% of the children. The geometric mean of the toxin-neutralizing titers increased after each dose and was 85 units in c…

Mode and Rate of Growth in Ammonoids

1996

In this chapter we discuss the mode and rate of growth in ammonoids, focusing primarily on postembryonic growth. We first discuss the general mode of growth and then describe the ontogenetic sequence of growth stages. These stages are recognized on the basis of changes in morphology. For example, a graph of the increase in size of whorl width versus shell diameter in an individual reveals changes through ontogeny that pinpoint the end of one growth stage and the beginning of another. We next discuss the overall rate of growth through ontogeny and establish a generalized growth curve. In this discussion, we refer to other cephalopods whose rate of growth is known. Fluctuations in the rate of…

Diversité génétique individuelle, différenciation morphologique et comportementale entres les sexes, patterns d'appariement et paramètres démographiq…

2013

Research in avian behavioral ecology is affected by a known bias in favour of temperate species despite the greatest diversity of tropical species and the radically remote natural conditions which make knowledge of temperate species hardly relevant to tropical species.We propose to reduce the lack of information about tropical birds through the study of a socially monogamous species, reproducing and defending an all-purpose territory all year round, the Zenaida dove, Zenaida aurita. We used monitoring data from a population of ringed birds in Barbados for six years. First, we focused on plumage coloration both to ascertain their sexually mono- or dichromatic nature and whether plumage colou…

Dynamic instability in absence of dominated splittings.

2006

We want to understand the dynamics in absence of dominated splittings. A dominated splitting is a weak form of hyperbolicity where the tangent bundle splits into invariant subbundles, each of them is more contracted or less expanded by the dynamics than the next one. We first answer an old question from Hirsch, Pugh and Shub, and show the existence of adapted metrics for dominated splittings.Mañé found on surfaces a $C^1$-generic dichotomy between hyperbolicity and Newhouse phenomenons (infinitely many sinks/sources). For that purpose, he showed that without a strong enough dominated splitting along one periodic orbit, a $C^1$-perturbation creates a sink or a source. We generalise that last…