Search results for "Water"

Liver energy metabolism of Anguilla anguilla after exposure to fenitrothion.

1998

This paper deals with the effect of fenitrothion (0.04 mg/liter) on the energy metabolism of the European eel, Anguilla anguilla, and its recovery from intoxication. Various parameters such as glycogen, lactate, proteins, total lipids, and glucose in eel liver and blood were analyzed after 2, 8, 12, 24, 32, 48, 56, 72, and 96 h of fenitrothion exposure. Subsequently, the fish were allowed recovery periods of 8, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96, 144, and 192 h in clean water, and the same parameters were evaluated. Liver glycogen and lipid contents decreased significantly during the exposure, while blood glucose levels increased markedly. Liver and blood lactate values increased during pesticide exposure,…

�nderungen des Elektrolytgehalts von Erythrocyten und Plasma bei nephrektomierten Ratten

1957

After two-stage nephrectomy in rats the potassium concentration in the red blood corpuscles (RBC) decreases from 10.6 ± 0.3 to 5.5 ± 0.3 mEq per 100 ml of RBC within 48 h. The decrease is accompanied by a much smaller increase in the plasma potassium concentration; the hyperkaliemia in nephrectomized rats is less pronounced than in nephrectomized dogs or anuric humans. Na+ in RBC increases by about 44% after nephrectomy; while there is only a very slight decrease of Na+ in plasma. Plasma chlorides drop from 10.92 ± 0.08 mEq/100 ml of plasma to 6.00 ± 0.81 mEq % within 48 h after nephrectomy. RBC chlorides tend to increase again after an initial drop from 5.22 ± 0.07 to 3.82 ± 0.90 mEq% with…

Aestivation Motifs Explain Hypertension and Muscle Catabolism in Experimental Chronic Renal Failure

2020

Chronic renal failure leads to muscle mass loss and hypertension, which according to textbook teaching occur secondary to an inability of the kidneys to excrete solutes and water. We found instead that rats with experimental chronic renal failure constantly lost body water, because their kidneys could not sufficiently concentrate the urine. Physiological adaptation to body water loss, termed aestivation, is an evolutionary conserved survival strategy that relies on complex physiologic-metabolic adjustment across multiple organs to prevent otherwise lethal dehydration. We show that rats with chronic renal failure utilize these ancient water conservation motifs to successfully stabilize their…

Base Excess and Lactate Concentration in Infusion Solutions and Blood Products

2002

Verification of a commercial implementation of the Macro-Monte-Carlo electron dose calculation algorithm using the virtual accelerator approach.

2009

Abstract In this work, the accuracy of the implementation of the Macro Monte Carlo electron dose calculation algorithm into the radiation therapy treatment planning system Eclipse is evaluated. This implementation – called eMC – uses a particle source based on the Rotterdam Initial Phase-Space model. A three-dimensional comparison of eMC calculated dose to dose distributions resulting from full treatment head simulations with the Monte Carlo code package EGSnrc is performed using the ‘virtual accelerator’ approach. Calculated dose distributions are compared for a homogeneous tissue equivalent phantom and a water phantom with air and bone inhomogeneities. The performance of the eMC algorithm…

Brain energy metabolism in global brain oedema.

1978

Different degrees of severity in global brain oedema were induced by varying amounts of water intoxication (50, 100, 150, and 200 ml Aqua dest./kg b.wt. intravenously) in groups of six cats, which were functionally nephrectomized. Animals loaded with physiological saline and sham-operated served as controls. Two hours following the water load, the tissue concentrations of CrP, ATP, ADP, AMP, pyruvate, glucose, and lactate were determined by optical enzymatic analysis. The results show disturbances in brain energy metabolism dependent on the severity of the brain oedema. The high energy compounds and in consequence the ATP/ADP-ratio, and respectively the energy charge potential, fall in dire…

Perinatal high-fat diet increases hippocampal vulnerability to the adverse effects of subsequent high-fat feeding

2015

Epidemiological observations report an increase in fat consumption associated with low intake of n-3 relative to n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in women of childbearing age. However, the impact of these maternal feeding habits on cognitive function in the offspring is unknown. This study aims to investigate the impact of early exposure to a high-fat diet (HFD) with an unbalanced n-6/n-3 PUFAs ratio on hippocampal function in adult rats. Furthermore, we explored the effects of perinatal HFD combined with exposure to HFD after weaning. Dams were fed a control diet (C, 12% of energy from lipids, n-6/n-3 PUFAs ratio: 5) or HFD (HF, 39% of energy from lipids, n-6/n-3 PUFAs ratio: 39) th…

Review: Epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori infection

2019

This review summarizes recent publications on the epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori. Two major systemic analyses, from Malaysia and Ethiopia, were published. The Brazilian Consensus Conference has stated that H pylori infection is an infectious disease with an indication for antimicrobial therapy. A continuous decrease in H pylori prevalence was reported from many regions worldwide, including Korea, China, Iran, and Austria. A cross-sectional H pylori prevalence study conducted in the United Arab Emirates found 41% prevalence in a group of healthy children and adults. Several studies from Asia addressed H pylori prevalence in adults undergoing regular checkup. The largest of such studies,…

Cardiac arrest in special circumstances

2021

Purpose of review European Resuscitation Council Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation prioritize treatments like chest compression and defibrillation, known to be highly effective for cardiac arrest from cardiac origin. This review highlights the need to modify this approach in special circumstances. Recent findings Potentially reversible causes of cardiac arrest are clustered into four Hs and four Ts (Hypoxia, Hypovolaemia, Hyperkalaemia/other electrolyte disorders, Hypothermia, Thrombosis, Tamponade, Tension pneumothorax, Toxic agents). Point-of-care ultrasound has its role in identification of the cause and targeting treatment. Time-critical interventions may even prevent cardiac…

Effects of saliva and nasal secretion on some physical properties of four different resin materials

2009

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