Search results for "Well-defined"

showing 10 items of 20 documents

Growth of ZnO crystals by vapour transport: Some ways to act on physical properties

2006

Nowadays, the growth of ZnO by vapor transport in silica ampoules is generally made in presence of graphite. As it has been already shown, this means that the growth process is carried out in presence of a Zn excess. In order to control that and act, as a consequence, on the physical properties of crystals we have performed a systematic study of the growth process in a wide range of Zn excess compositions using well defined experimental conditions. As a preliminary characterization, optical absorption and electrical properties have been analyzed at room temperature. The results show how some physical properties of as-grown ZnO crystals can be changed in a controlled way by an adequate combi…

ChemistryAnnealing (metallurgy)NanotechnologyGeneral ChemistryCondensed Matter PhysicsAmpoulelaw.inventionChemical engineeringlawThermalSource materialGeneral Materials ScienceGraphiteCrystallizationWell-definedCrystal Research and Technology
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Two integrals and some modified versions — Critical remarks

1986

The aim of this paper is to discuss different constructions of integrals (Sections 3 and 4) based on @?-decomposable measures (Section 1). According to the classification of the continuous t-conorms @? in essentially two types namely v and Archimedean t-conorms, there exist mainly two types of integrals namely the constructions of Sugeno (Section 3) and of Weber (Section 4). Further constructions corresponding to the Archimedean case result to be special cases or not well defined (Section 4). In all cases a crucial property is some restricted distribution law for the pair (@?, ) with an appropriate operation(Section 2). Some applications shall illustrate the use of the two integrals (Sectio…

Discrete mathematicsPure mathematicsProperty (philosophy)Artificial IntelligenceLogicDistributivitySection (archaeology)Restricted distributionWell-definedMathematicsFuzzy Sets and Systems
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Generation of energy selective excitations in quantum hall edge states

2011

We operate an on-demand source of single electrons in high perpendicular magnetic fields up to 30T, corresponding to a filling factor below 1/3. The device extracts and emits single charges at a tunable energy from and to a two-dimensional electron gas, brought into well defined integer and fractional quantum Hall (QH) states. It can therefore be used for sensitive electrical transport studies, e.g. of excitations and relaxation processes in QH edge states.

FOS: Physical sciences02 engineering and technologyElectronCorrelated Electron Systems / High Field Magnet Laboratory (HFML)Quantum Hall effect7. Clean energy01 natural sciences0103 physical sciencesMesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)Materials ChemistryPerpendicularElectrical and Electronic EngineeringWell-defined010306 general physicsPhysicsCondensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale PhysicsCondensed matter physicsFilling factorRelaxation (NMR)021001 nanoscience & nanotechnologyCondensed Matter PhysicsElectronic Optical and Magnetic MaterialsMagnetic fieldComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING0210 nano-technologyFermi gas
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Phase transitions in adsorbed layers formed on crystals of square and rectangular surface lattice

2000

Abstract This article gives a survey of phase transitions in adsorbed films on well defined surfaces of square and rectangular symmetry of the lattice. The discussion concentrates on the effects of periodic changes of the adsorbate–substrate potential on the structure and thermodynamic properties of adsorbed films. Different theoretical approaches are briefly reviewed, with an emphasis on those which explicitly take into account final corrugation of the surface potential. Several aspects of statistical mechanical description of phase transitions in surface layers, such as order–disorder, melting, commensurate–incommensurate transitions in monolayer films as well as transitions connected wit…

FusionPhase transitionCondensed matter physicsChemistryMetals and AlloysSurfaces and InterfacesGeneral ChemistryCondensed Matter PhysicsSurfaces Coatings and FilmsElectronic Optical and Magnetic MaterialsCondensed Matter::Materials ScienceAdsorptionLattice (order)MonolayerMaterials ChemistryWettingWell-definedSimulation methodsSurface Science Reports
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Structurally Uniform Oligomers

1985

Model compounds as well as prototype reactions are frequently used to understand more complex chemical systems. In the case of phenolic resins a large number of model compounds have been synthesized. They are regarded as either components of a complex mixture of novolaks or resoles or as representative segments of the phenolic crosslinked network. These model compounds were formerly the basis for the correlation of physical properties to molecular structure. Presently the progress of analytical separations and identification methods is formidable; highly sophisticated chemical instrumentation allows the analysis of highly complex mixtures. Nevertheless, well defined compounds with definite …

Identification methodsChemistryMoleculeNanotechnologyInstrumentation (computer programming)Well-definedBiological system
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A strategy for the finite element modeling of FRP-confined concrete columns subjected to preload

2018

Abstract Compressive behavior of columns strengthened by means of an outer elastic confinement provided e.g. by fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) jackets has become a main topic in the field of structural retrofitting. In details, the problem of the response assessment of strengthened columns is still under study. Many analytical formulations have been proposed to describe the compressive behavior of confined concrete under both monotonic and cyclic loads. However, the effect of a stress/strain level in the columns already present prior to apply the confinement has been generally neglected until now, also because of the lack of well defined strategies of modeling. In this frame, here, (1) a FE…

Materials scienceConfinement lateral pressure0211 other engineering and technologies020101 civil engineeringMonotonic function02 engineering and technologyConcrete damaged plasticity model0201 civil engineering021105 building & constructionRetrofittingWell-definedfiber reinforced polymer (FRP)SofteningCivil and Structural Engineeringbusiness.industryStructural engineeringFibre-reinforced plasticFinite-element modelingPreloadingFinite element methodConfined concretePreloadSettore ICAR/09 - Tecnica Delle CostruzioniHardening (metallurgy)ABAQUSbusinessConfinement
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Linking structure and nanomechanical properties via instrumented nanoindentations on well-defined and fine-tuned morphology poly(ethylene)

2009

Several poly(ethylene) samples with a broad range of morphologies were studied in this work using nanoindentations. The samples had degrees of crystallinity ranging from 30 to 100% while their Young's modulus ranged from few tens of MPa up to several GPa. Experimental conditions for the correct evaluation of Young's modulus were at first identified, choosing a suitable loading rate in order to minimize viscoelastic effects on the unloading. The force curves, i.e., plots of applied load vs. penetration depth, were then analyzed following two common procedures available in the literature. None of these procedures leads to satisfying results when compared to other experimental techniques. Howe…

Materials sciencePolymers and PlasticsOrganic ChemistryModulusPolyethyleneNanoindentationViscoelasticitychemistry.chemical_compoundCrystallinitychemistryPolymer chemistryMaterials ChemistryComposite materialWell-definedPenetration depthElastic modulusPolymer
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Versatile, Multifunctional Block Copolymers for the Self-Assembly of Well-Defined, Nontoxic pDNA Polyplexes

2020

In the field of systemically applied, nucleic acid-based drugs, polyplexes are interesting candidates for therapeutic systems. In this study, we synthesized a multifunctional triblock copolymer via...

Materials sciencePolymers and PlasticsProcess Chemistry and TechnologyOrganic ChemistryNucleic acidCopolymerNanotechnologyRaftWell-definedACS Applied Polymer Materials
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Active locking and entanglement in type II optical parametric oscillators

2018

Type II optical parametric oscillators are amongst the highest-quality sources of quantum-correlated light. In particular, when pumped above threshold, such devices generate a pair of bright orthogonally-polarized beams with strong continuous-variable entanglement. However, these sources are of limited practical use, because the entangled beams emerge with different frequencies and a diffusing phase-difference. It has been proven that the use of an internal wave-plate coupling the modes with orthogonal polarization is capable of locking the frequencies of the emerging beams to half the pump frequency, as well as reducing the phase-difference diffusion, at the expense of reducing the entangl…

Phase differencePhysicsQuantum PhysicsOrthogonal polarization spectral imagingbusiness.industryFOS: Physical sciencesGeneral Physics and AstronomyQuantum entanglementParameter spaceLaserPolarization (waves)01 natural sciencesÒptica quàntica010305 fluids & plasmaslaw.inventionOpticslaw0103 physical sciencesddc:530Well-definedQuantum Physics (quant-ph)010306 general physicsbusinessParametric statistics
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Magnetic excitations in TbP under hydrostatic pressure

1982

Singlet ground state magnets still attract much attention. In these systems magnetic ordering occurs via the polarization of the ground state, and noticeable dispersion of well defined excitations is expected in systems where the exchange coupling is about equal to the crystal field energy. In addition, the two singlet-triplet systems PrSbl and TbP2 where single crystals are available and which have been studied in detail showed a pronounced splitting of the Г1–Г4 magnetic excitations where the triple degeneracy was lifted along [100] and [011] by a strong anisotropy of the exchange.

PhysicsCrystalCondensed matter physicsMagnetHydrostatic pressureSoft modesWell-definedGround statePolarization (waves)Anisotropy
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