Search results for "Wien"

M/M/1 queue in two alternating environments and its heavy traffic approximation

2018

We investigate an M/M/1 queue operating in two switching environments, where the switch is governed by a two-state time-homogeneous Markov chain. This model allows to describe a system that is subject to regular operating phases alternating with anomalous working phases or random repairing periods. We first obtain the steady-state distribution of the process in terms of a generalized mixture of two geometric distributions. In the special case when only one kind of switch is allowed, we analyze the transient distribution, and investigate the busy period problem. The analysis is also performed by means of a suitable heavy-traffic approximation which leads to a continuous random process. Its d…

A Birkhoff type integral and the Bourgain property in a locally convex space

2007

An integral, called the $Bk$-integral, for functions taking values in a locally convex space is defined. Properties of $Bk$-integrable functions are considered and the relations with other integrals are studied. Moreover the $Bk$-integrability of bounded functions is compared with the Bourgain property.

Charge reconstruction in large-area photomultipliers

2018

Large-area PhotoMultiplier Tubes (PMT) allow to efficiently instrument Liquid Scintillator (LS) neutrino detectors, where large target masses are pivotal to compensate for neutrinos' extremely elusive nature. Depending on the detector light yield, several scintillation photons stemming from the same neutrino interaction are likely to hit a single PMT in a few tens/hundreds of nanoseconds, resulting in several photoelectrons (PEs) to pile-up at the PMT anode. In such scenario, the signal generated by each PE is entangled to the others, and an accurate PMT charge reconstruction becomes challenging. This manuscript describes an experimental method able to address the PMT charge reconstruction …

Model for ion transport in bipolar membranes.

1990

A simple theory for multi-ionic transport, nonequilibrium water dissociation, and space-charge effects in bipolar membranes is developed on the basis of some of the concepts used in the solid-state n-p junction. Ion transport is described in terms of the Nernst-Planck flux equation and nonequilibrium water dissociation is accounted for by the Onsager theory of the second Wien effect. The model is expected to be of interest for biological and synthetic membranes, and can explain a number of observed effects.

Wien filter for cooled low-energy radioactive ion beams

2002

A Wien filter for cooled radioactive ion beams has been designed at Ion Guide Isotope Separator On Line technique (IGISOL). The purpose of such device is to eliminate doubly charged ions from the mass separated singly charged ions, based on q=+2→q=+1 charge exchange process in an ion cooler. The performance of the Wien filter has been tested off-line with a discharge ion source as well as on-line with a radioactive beam. The electron capture process of cooled q=+2 ions has been investigated in a radiofrequency quadrupole ion cooler with varying partial pressures of nitrogen. Also, the superasymmetric fission production yields of 68<A<78 nuclei have been deduced.

Operation of the MAMI accelerator with a Wien filter based spin rotation system

2006

A compact spin rotation system based on a Wien filter has been installed at the Mainz microtron accelerator (MAMI). Under operation with varying spin rotation angles a significant change of focal length together with a shift of the central beam trajectory is expected. We demonstrate that these effects can be kept under control. As a consequence operation with spin rotation angles between 0° and ±90° has been achieved without compromising the beam quality and operational stability of MAMI.

Spectral energy distribution and generalized Wien's law for photons and cosmic string loops

2014

Physical objects with energy $u_w(l) \sim l^{-3w}$ with $l$ characteristic length and $w$ a dimensionless constant, lead to an equation of state $p=w\rho$, with $p$ the pressure and $\rho$ the energy density. Special entities with thisbproperty are, for instance, photons ($u = hc/l$, with $l$ the wavelength) with $w = 1/3$, and some models of cosmic string loops ($u =(c^4/aG)l$, with $l$ the length of the loop and $a$ a numerical constant), with $w = -1/3$. Here, we discuss some features of the spectral energy distribution of these systems and the corresponding generalization of Wien's law, which in terms of $l$ has the form $Tl_{mp}^{3w}=constant$, being $l_{mp}$ the most probable size of …

2021

Abstract We propose a signal deconvolution procedure for imaging spectrometer data, where a measured point spread function (PSF) is deconvolved itself before being used for deconvolution of the signal. We evaluate the effectiveness of our procedure for improvement of the spatio-spectral signal, as well as our target application, i.e. estimation of sun-induced fluorescence (SIF). Imaging spectrometers are well established instruments for remote sensing. When used for scientific purposes these instruments are usually calibrated on a regular basis. In our case the point spread function of the optics is measured in an elaborate procedure with a tunable monochromator point light source. PSFs are…

Decoupling on the Wiener Space, Related Besov Spaces, and Applications to BSDEs

2021

We introduce a decoupling method on the Wiener space to define a wide class of anisotropic Besov spaces. The decoupling method is based on a general distributional approach and not restricted to the Wiener space. The class of Besov spaces we introduce contains the traditional isotropic Besov spaces obtained by the real interpolation method, but also new spaces that are designed to investigate backwards stochastic differential equations (BSDEs). As examples we discuss the Besov regularity (in the sense of our spaces) of forward diffusions and local times. It is shown that among our newly introduced Besov spaces there are spaces that characterize quantitative properties of directional derivat…

Unified Markov thermodynamics based on stochastic forms to classify drugs considering molecular structure, partition system, and biological species:

2005

Abstract To date, molecular descriptors do not commonly account for important information beyond chemical structure. The present work, attempts to extend, in this sense, the stochastic molecular descriptors (Gonzalez-Diaz, H. et al., J. Mol. Mod. 2002, 8, 237), incorporating information about the specific biphasic partition system, the biological species, and chemical structure inside the molecular descriptors. Consequently, MARCH-INSIDE molecular descriptors may be identified with time-dependent thermodynamic parameters (entropy and mean free energy) of partition process. A classification function was developed to classify data of 423 drugs and up to 14 different partition systems at the s…