Search results for "Withdrawal"

Adjusting to Climate Change: Implications of Increased Variability and Asymmetric Adjustment Costs for Investment in Water Reserves

1997

Abstract In this paper we study the determination of optimal water storage capacity in a region, taking into account that the supply of the resource, the flow into the reserve, is uncertain, that a measure of the uncertainty, the variance, is likely to increase with climate change, that building capacity is costly, and that the development of water resources may entail alsoenvironmental costs. We find that water storage capacity in the long run ispositivelyrelated to increases in uncertainty if the marginal benefit of water withdrawal isconvexand that, for the case of costly reversibility of investment, a range of inaction for investment appears, and the stability of water storage capacity …

Sepsis in head and neck cancer patients treated with chemotherapy and radiation: literature review and consensus

2015

Abstract: The reporting of infection/sepsis in chemo/radiation-treated head and neck cancer patients is sparse and the problem is underestimated. A multidisciplinary group of head and neck cancer specialists from Italy met with the aim of reaching a consensus on a clinical definition and management of infections and sepsis. The Delphi appropriateness method was used for this consensus. External expert reviewers then evaluated the conclusions carefully according to their area of expertise. The paper contains seven clusters of statements about the clinical definition and management of infections and sepsis in head and neck cancer patients, which had a consensus. Furthermore, it offers a revie…

DYSPHORIC-LIKE BEHAVIOUR DURING ETHANOL WITHDRAWAL IN FEMALE RATS. EFFECT OF CONTINUOUS VS INTERMITTENT ACCESS PARADIGM.

2014

Women show higher vulnerability for neuroadaptation to alcohol, which may contribute to negative emotional state during withdrawal (Sharrett-Field et al., 2013; Koob and Le Moal, 1997). This study aimed at exploring the effects of different patterns of voluntary ethanol consumption on female rat"s affective behaviour during withdrawal. Female rats underwent 12-week-, 2-bottle choice- continuous or intermittent (3 days/week ) access to 20% ethanol and were respectively named CARs and IARs. They were tested for alcohol preference; dysphoric-like state during withdrawal (24-48h); depressive- and anhedonic-like behaviours explored by forced swim- and saccharin preference tests; anxiety-like beh…

Patterns matter: continuous Vs intermittent access to ethanol differently affects withdrawal behavioural phenotype and maternal care in female rats.

2014

Modeling voluntary ethanol consumption in female rats is crucial for gaining further insight in gender-related vulnerability to alcohol. Since ethanol effects depend not only on the amount consumed, but also on drinking pattern, this study aimed at assessing the influence of continuous and intermittent ethanol self-administration on peculiar aspects of female behavioural repertoire during withdrawal and relapse. Female rats undergoing a 15-week-long, 20% ethanol continuous or intermittent (3days/week) access, respectively named CARs and IARs, were tested for alcohol intake (gr/kg) and preference. During withdrawal we assessed: novelty and reward preference in novel object exploration and sa…

Sodium oxybate therapy for the treatment of alcohol withdrawal syndrome and the maintenance of alcohol abstinence

2017

Gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB or sodium oxybate) is both an exogenous and endogenous molecule with neuromodulator properties. In the United States, GHB is an approved drug for the treatment of narcolepsy and narcolepsy with cataplexy in adults. In some European Union countries, sodium oxybate is applied for the treatment of opioid and alcohol withdrawal.

The significance of perceived development opportunities in the context of retention : comparing ageing and younger nurses

2012

Perceived development opportunities and reward satisfaction as antecedents of nurses’ job withdrawal intentions

2016

Retention of nurses has received considerable attention in recent years due to the ageing population and the shortage of nurses. However, most of the studies have concentrated on either older nurses’ early retirement or younger nurses’ turnover intentions. This study analyses the antecedents of different forms of job withdrawal intentions with special reference to perceived development opportunities and reward satisfaction. A quantitative survey was conducted among nurses in one Finnish University hospital. A total of 510 nurses completed the questionnaire, representing a 54.4% response rate. The results demonstrated that job withdrawal intentions were relatively common and age-dependent am…

The joint effects of parenting styles and the child's temperamental characteristics in children's social-emotional development

2016

This research examined the joint effects of parenting and the temperamental characteristics of children on their social-emotional development during their early school years. Three studies, focusing on different aspects of social-emotional development as well as on different temperamental characteristics, were carried out. The first study investigated the extent to which mothers' and fathers' parenting styles differently impact their children's social-emotional development, based on the children's tendency to show signs of social withdrawal. The second study focused on the different impacts of parenting styles on children's emotional expression, depending on the children's temperament type.…

Standardized Hemorrhagic Shock Induction Guided by Cerebral Oximetry and Extended Hemodynamic Monitoring in Pigs.

2019

Hemorrhagic shock ranks among the main reasons for severe injury-related death. The loss of circulatory volume and oxygen carriers can lead to an insufficient oxygen supply and irreversible organ failure. The brain exerts only limited compensation capacities and is particularly at high risk of severe hypoxic damage.This article demonstrates the reproducible induction of life-threatening hemorrhagic shock in a porcine model by means of calculated blood withdrawal. We titrate shock induction guided by near-infrared spectroscopy and extended hemodynamic monitoring to display systemic circulatory failure, as well as cerebral microcirculatory oxygen depletion. In comparison to similar models tha…

Blood alcohol concentration for monitoring ethanol treatment to prevent alcohol withdrawal in the intensive care unit.

2001

Abstract Objective. Alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS) is a serious complication during postoperative treatment in chronic alcoholics. Despite prophylactic treatment, AWS occurs in at least 25% of these patients after elective surgery. An established protocol for the prevention of AWS is ethanol administration. The aim of this study was to evaluate possible differences in ethanol dose and levels between successfully treated patients and those who developed AWS. Design. Prospective, observational study with retrospective post hoc analysis. Setting. Intensive care unit (ICU). Patients. Thirty-two alcohol-dependent patients undergoing elective or emergency surgery after trauma with postoperativ…