Search results for "abuse"
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Esperienze di maltrattamento infantile ed esiti psicopatologici in pazienti con disturbi del comportamento alimentare. Uno studio con la CECA.
2012
Introduzione: I disturbi del comportamento alimentare suscitano un forte interesse nel panorama clinico e di ricerca, data la loro diffusione e la svariate sfaccettature che tali profili psicopatologici assumono. Altrettanto forte è la spinta a ricercare possibili fattori eziopatogenetici nei contesti di accudimento primari ed in letteratura è ampiamente riconosciuto il ruolo determinante svolto dai contesti relazionali e dalle esperienze infantili nella strutturazione del Sé in età adulta (Bifulco & Moran, 1998; Fonagy et al., 2002). Lo studio, a carattere esplorativo, ha un duplice obiettivo: a) rilevare se e quali forme di abuso e maltrattamento si riscontrano in soggetti con DCA, b) rin…
Bērnības vardarbības ģimenē psiholoģiskā un psihiatriskā ietekme uz jauniešiem, kuri mācās universitātes līmenī
2022
Nosaukums: Bērnības vardarbības ģimenē psiholoģiskā un psihiatriskā ietekme uz jauniešiem, kuri mācās universitātes līmenī Authore: Katharina Franziska Melz, BA Darba vadītāja: Andis Užāns, MD Priekšvēsture: Vardarbība ģimenē jau sen ir atzīta par kaitīgu gan bērniem, gan pieaugušajiem. Daudzas valstis ir ieviesušas aizsardzības pasākumus, piemēram, nodrošinājušas audžuģimenes bērniem, kurus skārusi vardarbība ģimenē. Taču, tā kā vardarbība ģimenē parasti notiek tikai “aiz slēgtām durvīm”, ir jāpieņem, ka tā ir daudz izplatītāka, nekā liecina valsts statistika. Turklāt vardarbības ģimenē definīcija atšķiras, un to bieži uzskata par neērtu vai nepiemērotu diskusijai. Abi šie faktori apgrūtin…
Cognitive and behavioural effects induced by social stress plus MDMA administration in mice
2017
Adverse life experiences such as social stress may make an individual more vulnerable to drug addiction and mental disorders associated with drug consumption. The present work aimed to evaluate the effects of stress induced by acute social defeat combined with the administration of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) on depression-like behaviour, memory function and motor response to drug in late adolescent male mice. Two groups of mice were exposed to social defeat (SD) during four encounters with an aggressive co-specific, which took place on alternate days. Immediately after defeat, animals were treated with saline or MDMA 10mg/kg (SD+SAL and SD+MDMA). In control groups, mice were p…
Association between Opioid Receptor mu 1 (OPRM1) Gene Polymorphisms and Tobacco and Alcohol Consumption in a Spanish Population.
2015
Evidence gained from animals and humans suggests that the encephalic opioid system might be involved in the development of drug addiction through its role in reward. Our aim is to assess the influence of genetic variations in the opioid receptor mu 1 on alcohol and tobacco consumption in a Spanish population. 763 unrelated individuals (465 women, 298 men) aged 18-85 years were recruited between October 2011 and April 2012. Participants were requested to answer a 35-item questionnaire on tobacco and alcohol consumption, as well as to complete the AUDIT and Fagerström tests. Individuals were genotyped for three polymorphisms in the opioid receptor mu 1 (OPRM1) gene, using a TaqMan® protocol. …
Saliva testing after single and chronic administration of dihydrocodeine.
2001
In the present study, concentrations of dihydrocodeine and its metabolites in saliva and serum were compared after single low-dose and chronic high-dosage administration of the drug. In the first investigation, blood and saliva were collected periodically from six subjects after oral administration of 60 mg dihydrocodeine. In the second study, 20 subjects on oral dihydrocodeine maintenance provided single samples of blood and saliva simultaneously. Serum protein binding of salivary analytes and their recovery from the adsorbing material of the collection device as well as pH values of saliva samples were determined. The fluids were analyzed for dihydrocodeine and the major metabolites by hi…
A high-quality homology model for the human dopamine transporter validated for drug design purposes.
2018
The human dopamine transporter (hDAT) plays many vital functions within the central nervous system and is thus targeted by many pharmaceutical agents. Dopamine-related therapies are in current development for individuals with dopamine-related disorders including depression, Parkinson's disease, and psychostimulant addictions such as cocaine abuse. Yet, most efforts to develop new dopamine therapies are within costly structure-activity relationship studies. Through structure-based drug design techniques, the binding site of hDAT can be utilized to develop novel selective and potent dopamine therapies at reduced costs. However, no structural models of hDAT specifically validated for rational …
A Colorimetric Membrane-Based Sensor with Improved Selectivity towards Amphetamine
2021
Due to their simplicity, speed and low cost, chemical spot tests are increasingly demanded for the presumptive identification of illicit drugs in a variety of contexts such as point-of-care assistance or prosecution of drug trafficking. However, most of the colorimetric reactions used in these tests are, at best, drug class selective. Therefore, the development of tests based on chemical reactions with improved discrimination power is of great interest. In this work, we propose a new colorimetric assay for amphetamine (AMP) based on its reaction with solutions of alkaline gold bromide to form an insoluble yellow–orange derivative. The resulting suspensions are then filtered onto nylon membr…
Common Neural Mechanisms of Palatable Food Intake and Drug Abuse: Knowledge Obtained with Animal Models
2019
Eating is necessary for survival, but it is also one of the great pleasures enjoyed by human beings. Research to date shows that palatable food can be rewarding in a similar way to drugs of abuse, indicating considerable comorbidity between eating disorders and substance-use disorders. Analysis of the common characteristics of both types of disorder has led to a new wave of studies proposing a Gateway Theory of food as a vulnerability factor that modulates the development of drug addiction. The homeostatic and hedonic mechanisms of feeding overlap with some of the mechanisms implicated in drug abuse and their interaction plays a crucial role in the development of drug addiction. Studies in…
Preliminary Practical Findings on Drug Monitoring by a Transcutaneous Collection Device
1996
A noninvasive and nonocclusive skin patch (Sudormed™) was investigated for the systematic collection of drugs of abuse over a period of several days. First, the applicability and user friendliness were tested by volunteers. The permeability of the polyurethane dressing from the outside to the inside for an aqueous solution was shown by incubating the outside layer with Rhodamine B. No fluorescence could be detected in the cotton pad beneath. A single dose experiment using theophylline as a model compound showed that there was a delay in time before the substance could be determined in the pad. The drug content decreased with increasing time of patch application. When eight volunteers partic…
Detection of 9-Tetrahydrocannabinol and Amphetamine-Type Stimulants in Oral Fluid Using the Rapid Stat Point-of-Collection Drug-Testing Device
2010
The Rapid Stat assay, a point-of-collection drug-testing device for detection of amphetamines, cannabinoids, cocaine, opiates, methadone, and benzodiazepines in oral fluid, was evaluated for cannabis and amphetamine-type stimulants. The Rapid Stat tests (n = 134) were applied by police officers in routine traffic checks. Oral fluid and blood samples were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol, amphetamine, methamphetamine, methylenedioxymethamphetamine, methylenedioxyethylamphetamine, and methylenedioxyamphetamine. The comparison of GC-MS analysis of oral fluid with the Rapid Stat results for cannabis showed a sensitivity of 85%, a spec…