Search results for "acetylcholine."

29 Elevated acetylcholine release in the hippocampus of transgenic mice expressing the human acetylcholinesterase

1998

Thiobencarb-Induced Changes in Acetylcholinesterase Activity of the Fish Anguilla anguilla

2002

Abstract European eels (Anguilla anguilla) were exposed to sublethal thiobencarb concentrations in a continuous flow-through system for 4 days. Brain, muscle, and gill acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities were evaluated after 2, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h herbicide exposure. Thiobencarb induced significant inhibitory effects on the total and specific AChE activity of A. anguilla, ranging from >30–40% inhibition in eel brain and gills to >50% inhibition in muscle tissue 2 h after the initial exposure. In a second experiment, eels were exposed to thiobencarb for 96 h and then allowed a period of recovery in pesticide-free water. Following 1 week of recovery, the AChE activity of affected eels…

Metal concentrations and detoxification mechanisms in Solea solea and Solea senegalensis from NW Mediterranean fishing grounds

2013

10 pages, 5 figures, 4 tables

Pivotal Advance: Up-regulation of acetylcholine synthesis and paracrine cholinergic signaling in intravascular transplant leukocytes during rejection…

2009

Abstract A new role and source of the old mediator acetylcholine is described, which is produced by graft monocytes and attenuates monocytic ATP-signaling. During acute rejection, large numbers of leukocytes accumulate in the blood vessels of experimental renal allografts. About 70% of them are activated, cytotoxic monocytes that appear to be involved in allograft destruction. ACh exerts anti-inflammatory effects upon monocytes/macrophages and has been proposed to be a key player in neuroimmunological interactions. Its short half-life, however, makes it unlikely that neuronal ACh affects blood leukocytes. Renal transplantation was performed in the allogeneic DA to LEW and in the isogeneic L…

Co-transmitter mediated facilitation by sympathetic nerve stimulation of evoked acetylcholine release from the rabbit perfused atria preparation.

1995

Rabbit atria were isolated with the extrinsic right sympathetic and vagus nerves attached and perfused with Tyrode solution. Acetylcholine overflow was determined after labelling of the transmitter stores with [14C]choline and fractionation of the radioactivity on cation exchange columns. Sympathetic nerve stimulation (SNS, 2 Hz, 3 min) carried out together with vagus nerve stimulation (VNS, 2 Hz, 3 min), but each SNS pulse preceding a vagal one by 19 ms, caused a facilitation of acetylcholine overflow of about 60% versus independent controls in the absence of SNS. Antagonists of putative neurotransmitters were tested to find out the prejunctional mediator involved in the facilitation. The …

�ber den Nachweis von Acetylcholin im Liquor cerebrospinalis, besonders bei Psychosen

1948

Mit Hilfe des Lungenpraparates von Dijstra und Noyons und der Auswertungsmethode von Corsten4 wurden im Liquor von 32 Geisteskranken die Anwesenheit und die Menge Acetylcholin bestimmt. In 33 % der Falle war kein Acetylcholin nachweisbar. Bei Katatonen fand sich haufiger Acetylcholin. Es ist moglich, das es Beziehungen zwischen Krankheit und Acetylcholingehalt des Liquors gibt, aber es sind weitere Untersuchungen erforderlich, um zu sicheren Schlussen zu kommen. In einigen Fallen bewirkt der Liquor eine Erschlaffung der Lungen an Stelle einer Kontraktion. Vielleicht hangt das mit der Anwesenheit anderer bisher unbekannter Stoffe zusammen.

Construction of Spirooxindole Analogues Engrafted with Indole and Pyrazole Scaffolds as Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors

2021

Twenty-five new hits of spirooxindole analogs 8a–y engrafted with indole and pyrazole scaffolds were designed and constructed via a [3+2]cycloaddition (32CA) reaction starting from three components: new chalcone-based indole and pyrazole scaffolds 5a–d, substituted isatins 6a–c, and secondary amines 7a–d. The potency of the compounds were assessed in modulating cholinesterase (AChE) activity using Ellman’s method. Compounds 8i and 8y showed the strongest acetylcholine esterase inhibition (AChEI) with IC50 values of 24.1 and 27.8 μM, respectively. Molecular docking was used to study their interaction with the active site of hAChE. peerReviewed

Papaverine enhances the negative inotropic effect of acetylcholine in rat auricles

1978

The negative inotropic effect of acetylcholine in rat left auricles is enhanced in the presence of the phosphodiesterase inhibitor papaverine. This result favours the idea of a cyclic GMP-mediated action of acetylcholine in the heart.

A negative inotropic effect of acetylcholine in the presence of several phosphodiesterase inhibitors.

1981

The phosphodiesterase inhibitors papaverine, theophylline and 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX) reveal a negative inotropic effect of acetylcholine in cat ventricular heart muscle. This effect in unrelated to beta-adrenoceptor stimulation and possibly mediated by the accumulation of cyclic GMP.

Does cyclic GMP mediate the negative inotropic effect of acetylcholine in the heart?

1977

DURING vagal stimulation the pacemaker activity of the heart is diminished. The reduction in heart rate is due to a release of acetylcholine (ACh) from the parasympathetic nerve terminals that increases the permeability of the myocardial cell membrane for potassium ions (for review see ref. 1). This is accompanied by a shortening of the action potential duration in atrial muscle and a diminished calcium uptake2, which in turn results in a negative inotropic effect. Voltage clamp experiments in mammalian atrial muscle have shown that with higher concentrations of ACh not only is the potassium current augmented but also the slow inward current of calcium is reduced3. It is not clear how the c…