Search results for "acids"
showing 10 items of 3520 documents
The neuroprotective effect of lactate is not due to improved glutamate uptake after controlled cortical impact in rats.
2012
For many years lactate was considered to be a waste product of glycolysis. Data are accumulating that suggest that lactate is an important energy substrate for neurons during activation. In severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) glutamate release and ischemic cerebral blood flow (CBF) are major factors for a mismatch between energy demand and supply and for neuronal cell death. Although ATP and behavior could be improved by lactate treatment after TBI, no histological correlate nor any linkage to better astrocytic glutamate uptake or CBF as possible mechanisms have been described. We subjected male rats to a controlled cortical impact (CCI; 5 m/sec, 2.5 mm). To study the effects of lactate tre…
Association between plasma lipid levels and migraine in subjects agedor =50 years: preliminary data from the Zabùt Aging Project.
2008
We evaluated the association between lipid levels and migraine using cross-sectional, population-based data of 1809 subjects aged >= 50 years; 151 subjects with migraine and 1658 nonmigraineurs were included. Diagnosis of migraine was carried out using the criteria of the International Headache Society. The following plasma lipids were collected: total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and triglycerides (TG). Only TC (p= 220 mg/dl) was significantly associated with migraine (OR [95% CI]=1.6 [1.1-2.3]); this association increased in elderly males with migraine (OR [95% CI]=3.8 [1.4-9.9]). According to our results, TC p…
Nephrosis in two siblings with infantile sialic acid storage disease
1990
The diagnosis of infantile sialic acid storage disease (ISSD) was established in two siblings on the basis of typical clinical signs and the biochemical findings of hyperexcretion and intracellular storage of free sialic acid. A severe, steroid resistant nephrosis occurred in both siblings. The activities of lysosomal enzymes, including sialidase, were normal. A combined detection method for sialic acids with Limax flavus agglutinin labelling and phosphotungstic acid staining showed severely alterated sialic acid components in epithelial kidney cells and indicate a causal relationship between the nephrosis and the underlying biochemical defect. Further observations of ISSD patients with ren…
Nicotine receptors do not modulate the 3H-noradrenaline release from the isolated rat heart evoked by sympathetic nerve stimulation.
1982
Isolated rat hearts with the right sympathetic nerves attached were perfused at a constant flow rate of 7 ml/min with Tyrode's solution. (-)-3H-Noradrenaline (final concentration 10–13.9 nM) was infused for 10 min to label the noradrenaline stores. After wash-out the sympathetic nerves were stimulated electrically (3 Hz, 180 impulses, 1 ms, 20–30 mA) three times (S1–S3) at intervals of 15 min. 3H-Noradrenaline and its metabolites were determined by liquid scintillation counting according to Graefe et al. (1973). Both, nicotine 50 μM and p-aminophenethyltrimethylammonium (PAPETA) 30 μM, enhanced the 3H-noradrenaline overflow in the absence of nerve stimulation. The effect of PAPETA was bipha…
Mechanisms underlying recoupling of eNOS by HMG-CoA reductase inhibition in a rat model of streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus
2007
Abstract Objective HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors have been shown to upregulate GTP cyclohydrolase I (GTPCH-I), the key enzyme for tetrahydrobiopterin de novo synthesis and to normalize tetrahydrobiopterin levels in hyperglycemic endothelial cells. We sought to determine whether in vivo treatment with the HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor atorvastatin is able to upregulate the GTPCH-I, to recouple eNOS and to normalize endothelial dysfunction in an experimental model of diabetes mellitus. Methods and results In male Wistar rats, diabetes was induced by streptozotocin (STZ, 60mg/kg). In STZ rats, atorvastatin feeding (20mg/kg/d, 7 weeks), normalized vascular dysfunction as analyzed by isometric tens…
Spatial cues are relevant for learned preference/aversion shifts due to amino-acid deficiencies.
1998
Rats are able to choose appropriately between two versions of a novel diet, when one is amino-acid devoid and the other corrected. Recognition of the deficiency has been reported to occur within hours and to initiate a strong conditioned aversion. For that purpose the rat can use either oro-sensory cues or another alternative as the conditioned stimulus (CS) with which to associate the unconditioned stimuli (US) of either the adequate diet or the devoid diet. The present investigation was designed to determine whether rats have the ability to use place as a cue in amino-acid preference/aversion. In order to avoid interfering with any other than spatial sensory discrimination between the dev…
N-3 fatty acids modulate Th1 and Th2 dichotomy in diabetic pregnancy and macrosomia.
2006
We assessed the implication of Th (helper)-cells and the modulation of the Th1/Th2 dichotomy by n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in type I diabetic pregnancy (DP) and macrosomia. Female gestant rats fed a standard diet or n-3 PUFA regimen were rendered diabetic by administration of five low doses of streptozotocin. The macrosomic (MAC) offspring were sacrificed at the age of 90 days. The mRNAs of IL-2 and IFN-gamma (Th1 cytokines) and IL-4 (Th2 cytokine) were downregulated in the pancreas and spleen of diabetic pregnant rats. The levels of IL-10 mRNA, another Th2 cytokine, were unchanged in the spleen or upregulated in the pancreas of these animals. Feeding an n-3 PUFA diet to rats wi…
Oxygen-haemoglobin dissociation curve in hypoxic rats of first or second generation.
1993
SUMMARY 1. Albino Wistar rats were raised in a normobaric hypoxic environment (10% O2 in N2). Two generations of hypoxic rats were observed for changes in their haemoglobin-oxygen (Hb-O2) dissociation curves (ODC), 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG), haemoglobin (Hb), and Hill coefficients at P50 (n50). The first generation were called (H1) and the second generation (H2). The control group (N) had a normoxic environment. 2. Thirty-five rats (13 N rats, 12 H1 rats and 10 H2 rats) were used. The 2,3-DPG was significantly higher in both hypoxic groups when compared with N rats (2.02 ± 0.51 mmol/L) but 2,3-DPG of H2 rats was significantly lower than that of H1 rats (H1 = 3.48±0.58 mmol/L and H2 =…
Fatty Acid Profiles in Demented Patients: Identification of Hexacosanoic Acid (C26:0) as a Blood Lipid Biomarker of Dementia
2014
Background: Several lipid metabolism alterations have been described in the brain and plasma of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients, suggesting a relation between lipid metabolism alteration and dementia. 15 16 Objective: We attempted to identify blood fatty acids as biomarkers of dementia. 17 Methods: Fatty acid profiles were established using gas chromatography with or without mass spectrometry on matched plasma and red blood cells (RBCs) of demented patients diagnosed with AD, vascular dementia, or other dementia, and compared with a control group of elderly individuals. The severity of dementia was evaluated with the Mini-Mental State Examination test. 18 19 20 Results: Fatty acid analysi…
A vinyl chloride-exposed worker with an adrenal gland angiosarcoma: a case report.
2013
Adrenal epithelioidangiosarcoma (AEA) is a rare neoplasm that accounts for less than 1% of sarcomas. Due to its rarity, it can easily be misdiagnosed, both by the clinician and the pathologist. Data on the patient's occupational history was collected and analyzed. The bibliographic data was found on the PUBMED bibliographic search site after entering the word "extrahepaticangiosarcoma". We report a case of adrenal epithelioidangiosarcoma (AEA) in a 68 yr-old Caucasian male factory worker exposed to Vinyl Chloride (VC) for 15 yr. He underwent surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Hepatic angiosarcoma is a known consequence of VC exposure, but occupational causality of extra-hepatic angiosa…