Search results for "aging"

Motor imagery and cortico-spinal excitability: A review

2016

International audience; Motor imagery (MI) has received a lot of interest during the last decades as its chronic or acute use has demonstrated several effects on improving sport performances or skills. The development of neuroimagery techniques also helped further our understanding of the neural correlates underlying MI. While some authors showed that MI, motor execution and action observation activated similar motor cortical regions, transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) studies brought great insights on the role of the primary motor cortex and on the activation of the cortico-spinal pathway during MI. After defining MI and describing the TMS technique, a short report of MI activities on…

Managing Peripheral Artery Disease in Diabetic Patients: A Questionnaire Survey from Vascular Centers of the Mediterranean Federation for the Advanci…

2020

Background The Mediterranean Federation for the Advancing of Vascular Surgery (MeFAVS) was founded on October 1, 2018, to enhance cooperation among vascular professionals within Mediterranean countries. Due to its prominent social and economic impact on national health systems, diabetic arteriopathy has been selected as the very first topic to be investigated by the federation. Methods MeFAVS members were asked to reply to a questionnaire on the management of diabetic ischemic foot. Results were collected and analyzed statistically. The questionnaire consisted of 15 multiple choice answers regarding diabetic foot (DF) diagnosis and treatment. The questionnaire was submitted to 21 centers on…

Neural Mechanisms of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for Chronic Pain: A Network-Based fMRI Approach

2021

AbstractOver 100 million Americans suffer from chronic pain (CP), which causes more disability than any other medical condition in the U.S. at a cost of $560-$635 billion per year (IOM, 2011). Opioid analgesics are frequently used to treat CP. However, long term use of opioids can cause brain changes such as opioid-induced hyperalgesia that, over time, increase pain sensation. Also, opioids fail to treat complex psychological factors that worsen pain-related disability, including beliefs about and emotional responses to pain. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) can be efficacious for CP. However, CBT generally does not focus on important factors needed for long-term functional improvement, i…

Misunderstandings about developmental dyslexia: a historical overview

2020

Developmental dyslexia is a reading disorder unrelated to intellectual disability, inadequate teaching systems or poor motivation for schooling. The first attempts to understand such difficulty of learning to read, connected the problem to a primary ‘visual defect’. Since then, several models have been developed. In the last decades, autopsy and histopathological studies on the brain of developmental dyslexics provided neuroanatomical evidence of structural and morphological differences between the normal and dyslexic brains. Furthermore, neuroimaging studies allowed to understand the neural systems of reading and dyslexia. According to more recent studies, developmental dyslexia appears as…

What we learn about bipolar disorder from large-scale neuroimaging

2020

Abstract MRI‐derived brain measures offer a link between genes, the environment and behavior and have been widely studied in bipolar disorder (BD). However, many neuroimaging studies of BD have been underpowered, leading to varied results and uncertainty regarding effects. The Enhancing Neuro Imaging Genetics through Meta‐Analysis (ENIGMA) Bipolar Disorder Working Group was formed in 2012 to empower discoveries, generate consensus findings and inform future hypothesis‐driven studies of BD. Through this effort, over 150 researchers from 20 countries and 55 institutions pool data and resources to produce the largest neuroimaging studies of BD ever conducted. The ENIGMA Bipolar Disorder Workin…

Subjective memory decline and objectively assessed memory ability among older people : a cross-sectional study

2012

Objective: The purpose of this study was to explore whether the objectively assessed memory is correlated with the self-rated memory, and does the self-rated memory ability differ among ages. Methods: Data was obtained from the Evergreen project. A total of 558 people aged between 72 and 92 years were included in the current study. In order to examine the complexity of the relationships between self-rated memory and objective memory ability of the older people, cognitive functioning was assessed by metacognitive self-evaluations and Mini-D cognitive screening test. Main Results: Mini-D sum score and self-rated memory decline was significantly correlated (p=34). No significant age difference…

Analytical model for the long- distance tracer-transport in plants

2011

International audience; Recent investigations of long-distance transport in plants using non-invasive tracer techniques such as C radiolabeling monitored by positron emission tomography (PET) combined with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed the need of dedicated methods to allow a quantitative data analysis and comparison of such experiments. A mechanistic compartmental tracer transport model is presented, defined by a linear system of partial differential equations (PDEs). This model simplifies the complexity of axial transport and lateral exchanges in the transport pathways of plants (e.g. the phloem) by simulating transport and reversible exchange within three compartments using j…

The Attenuation of the Bronchodilatory Effect of Deep Inspiration (DI) in COPD Is Related to Reduced Airway Distensibility as Measured by HRCT

2005

Pobudzanie przez czytanie, czyli biblioterapia w pracy nauczyciela, wychowawcy, terapeuty

2017

W artykule zaprezentowana została biblioterapia jako metoda mająca zastosowanie w szerokim procesie edukacyjnym. Autorka stara się wykazać, że współczesna szkoła, będąca w przededniu reformy, powinna czerpać z dotychczasowych doświadczeń oraz osiągnięć neurodydaktyki. Opisane zostały sposoby wykorzystania biblioterapii jako metody rozwijającej wiedzę o świecie społecznym czytelnika. Ma ona również zastosowanie w rewalidacji jako metoda odpowiadająca na potrzeby rozwojowe dzieci i niepełnosprawnej młodzieży. Książka ma też znaczenie w poszukiwaniu i budowaniu poczucia sensu życia, szczególnie w przypadku osób o ograniczonej sprawności. Celem artykułu jest także ukazanie wychowawczych i terap…

Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and miRNA Impairment in Aging and Age-Related Diseases

2021

Aging is a physiological process defined by decreased cellular and tissue functions. Reduced capacity of protein degradation is one of the important hallmarks of aging that may lead to misfolded protein accumulation and progressive loss of function in organ systems. Recognition of unfolded/misfolded protein aggregates via endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress sensors activates an adaptive mechanism, the unfolded protein response (UPR). The initial step of UPR is defined by chaperone enhancement, ribosomal translation suppression, and misfolded protein degradation, while prolonged ER stress triggers apoptosis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding RNAs affecting various signaling pathways through de…