Search results for "aivot"

Reproducibility of Brain Responses: High for Speech Perception, Low for Reading Difficulties

2019

Neuroscience findings have recently received critique on the lack of replications. To examine the reproducibility of brain indices of speech sound discrimination and their role in dyslexia, a specific reading difficulty, brain event-related potentials using EEG were measured using the same cross-linguistic passive oddball paradigm in about 200 dyslexics and 200 typically reading 8–12-year-old children from four countries with different native languages. Brain responses indexing speech and non-speech sound discrimination were extremely reproducible, supporting the validity and reliability of cognitive neuroscience methods. Significant differences between typical and dyslexic readers were fou…

Brain Source Correlates of Speech Perception and Reading Processes in Children With and Without Reading Difficulties

2022

Neural correlates in reading and speech processing have been addressed extensively in the literature. While reading skills and speech perception have been shown to be associated with each other, their relationship remains debatable. In this study, we investigated reading skills, speech perception, reading, and their correlates with brain source activity in auditory and visual modalities. We used high-density event-related potentials (ERPs), fixation-related potentials (FRPs), and the source reconstruction method. The analysis was conducted on 12–13-year-old schoolchildren who had different reading levels. Brain ERP source indices were computed from frequently repeated Finnish speech stimuli…

Nudge for justice : An ERP investigation of default effects on trade-offs between equity and efficiency

2020

Default options are an increasingly common tool used by organizations, managers, and policymakers to guide individuals’ behavior. We wondered whether the known preference for default options could constitute a nudge to achieve more equitable or more efficient results. Combining with event-related potentials, we found that both the default option and distributive justice contributed significantly to decision-making. The N200s and P300s were extracted using the tensor decomposition, which showed superiority in terms of capturing multi-domain features. The results demonstrated that greater brain activity associated with conflict monitoring was elicited in the trade-off between equity and effic…

Silmänliiketutkimus - Fysiologinen näköjärjestelmä ja katseenseurannan tekniikat

2010

 Kotilainen, Ilkka Antti Silmänliiketutkimus fysiologinen näköjärjestelmä ja katseenseurannan tekniikat / Ilkka Kotilainen Jyväskylä: Jyväskylän yliopisto, 2010 37 s. Kandidaatintutkielma Tässä kirjallisuuskatsauksena suoritetussa kandidaatintutkielmassa tarkastellaan silmänliiketutkimuksessa käytettäviä neljää katseenseurannan tekniikkaa: elektrookulografiaa (engl. ElectroOculoGraphy, EOG), kovakalvolle sijoitettavaa piilolinssiä/induktiokäämiä (engl. scleral contact lens/search coil), valokuvaokulografiaa (engl. PhotoOculoGraphy, POG) tai videookulografiaa (engl. VideoOculoGraphy, VOG) ja videopohjaista pupillin ja sarveiskalvoheijasteen yhdistelmää (engl. video based combined pupil and c…

The effects of motor imagery and Paired associative stimulation on cortical excitability

2009

ABSTRACT Kumpulainen, Susanne 2009. The effect of PAS and motor imagery on the excitability of the motor cortex. Department of Biology of Physical Activity, University of Jyväskylä. Master’s theses of biomechanics. 41 pages. The plasticity of the brain is an increasingly important topic for physical therapists interested in (re)learning and repair following injury. A number of potential endogenous and exogenous protocols have been developed with the improved understanding of the mechanisms of synaptic plasticity. The purpose of this study was twofold: First, the effect of motor imagery of plantarflexion on motor cortex excitability was investigated since it has been shown that motor imagery…

The effect of paired associative stimulation-induced long-term potentiation-like plasticity on visuomotor learning

2014

Aivojen hermostollisissa rakenteissa ja toiminnassa tapahtuu adaptaatiota motorisen oppimisen seurauksena. Eräs ehdotetuista malleista, johon muutokset voivat perustua on hermoliitoksen voimakkuuden pitkäaikainen tehostuminen eli pitkäkestoinen potentiaa-tio (LTP). Keinotekoisesti LTP:n kaltainen vaikutus voidaan tuottaa parillisella as-sosiatiivisella stimulaatiolla (PAS). Lisäksi tutkimustulokset osoittavat, että PAS voi parantaa tietyn tyyppistä motorista oppimista. Tämän tutkimuksen tarkoituksena on sel-vittää miten PAS:n tuottama LTP:n kaltainen plastisuus vaikuttaa visuomotorisen oppi-misen alkuvaiheeseen. Visuomotorinen oppimistehtävä suoritettiin kolme kertaa PAS:n jälkeen. Oppimist…

Red Light Optogenetics in Neuroscience

2022

Optogenetics, a field concentrating on controlling cellular functions by means of light-activated proteins, has shown tremendous potential in neuroscience. It possesses superior spatiotemporal resolution compared to the surgical, electrical, and pharmacological methods traditionally used in studying brain function. A multitude of optogenetic tools for neuroscience have been created that, for example, enable the control of action potential generation via light-activated ion channels. Other optogenetic proteins have been used in the brain, for example, to control long-term potentiation or to ablate specific subtypes of neurons. In in vivo applications, however, the majority of optogenetic too…

Acoustic, neural, and perceptual correlates of polyphonic timbre

2012

Multi-modality of polysomnography signals’ fusion for automatic sleep scoring

2019

Objective: The study aims to develop an automatic sleep scoring method by fusing different polysomnography (PSG) signals and further to investigate PSG signals’ contribution to the scoring result. Methods: Eight combinations of four modalities of PSG signals, namely electroencephalogram (EEG), electrooculogram (EOG), electromyogram (EMG), and electrocardiogram (ECG) were considered to find the optimal fusion of PSG signals. A total of 232 features, covering statistical characters, frequency characters, time-frequency characters, fractal characters, entropy characters and nonlinear characters, were derived from these PSG signals. To select the optimal features for each signal fusion, four wi…

Akillesjännekipupotilaiden pohjelihasharjoituksen aikainen aivoaktivaatio ja kuntoutusjakson vaikutus aktivaatioon

2011

Flink, Riina 2011. Akillesjännekipupotilaiden pohjelihasharjoituksen aikainen aivoakti-vaatio ja kuntoutusjakson vaikutus aktivaatioon. Liikuntabiologian laitos. Jyväskylän Yliopisto. Biomekaniikan Pro Gradu – tutkielma, 88s. Nivelien, alaselän ja akillesjänteiden kiputilat ovat nykyään hyvin yleisiä. Kuitenkaan kroonisen kivun hoitokeinot eivät ole yhtä kehittyneitä kuin akuutin kivun hoitokeinot. Tähän osasyynä on tietämättömyys kroonisen kivun vaikutuksista elimistöön. Etenkin kroonisen kivun vaikutukses-ta tahdonalaiseen liikkeeseen on hyvin vähän tietoa. Tämän tutkimuksen tarkoituksena olikin vertailla kroonisesta akillesjännekiputilasta kärsivien ja kontrollihenkilöiden aivoaktivaatio…