Search results for "alanine"
showing 10 items of 499 documents
Chronic inflammatory cardiomyopathy of interferon γ-overexpressing transgenic mice is mediated by tumor necrosis factor-α.
2011
We recently described a model of inflammatory cardiomyopathy in interferon (IFN)-γ overexpressing transgenic mice stably circulating IFN-γ in the serum referred to as SAP–-IFN-γ mice. SAP–IFN-γ transgenic mice show cardiac infiltration by mononuclear leukocytes, culminating in dilated cardiomyopathy characterized by an increase of left ventricular end diastolic diameter and reduction of fractional shortening. We hypothesized that the pathological mechanism underlying SAP–IFN-γ cardiomyopathy might be mediated by (auto)immune processes or tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α synthesis from IFN-γ–activated macrophages. To verify these hypotheses, we crossed SAP–IFN-γ transgenic mice with immunodefic…
Improvement of ALT decay kinetics by all-oral HCV treatment: Role of NS5A inhibitors and differences with IFN-based regimens
2017
Background Intracellular HCV-RNA reduction is a proposed mechanism of action of direct-acting antivirals (DAAs), alternative to hepatocytes elimination by pegylated-interferon plus ribavirin (PR). We modeled ALT and HCV-RNA kinetics in cirrhotic patients treated with currently-used all-DAA combinations to evaluate their mode of action and cytotoxicity compared with telaprevir (TVR)+PR. Study design Mathematical modeling of ALT and HCV-RNA kinetics was performed in 111 HCV-1 cirrhotic patients, 81 treated with all-DAA regimens and 30 with TVR+PR. Kinetic-models and Cox-analysis were used to assess determinants of ALT-decay and normalization. Results HCV-RNA kinetics was biphasic, reflecting …
In Silico Analysis of the Novel Variant Q375R in the Phenylalanine Hydroxylase Gene
2019
Background: Phenylketonuria is an inborn metabolic disorder inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern. The detection of pathogenic variations improves the power of at-risk carrier and prenatal detection. We previously found Q375R a novel phenylalanine hydroxylase variation in phenylketonuria patients from the south-west of Iran. Objectives: Here, we aimed to evaluate the rate of the pathogenicity of this novel variant and three other intron variants (IVS9 + 32insA, IVS11 + 163delC, and IVS12 + 30C>T). Methods: The pathogenicity and some structural features of Q375R were analyzed using bioinformatics tools including SIFT, PolyPhen, Mutpred, MutationTaster, nSSNP Analyzer, SNP effect, 3DLig…
The STR252-IVS10nt546-VNTR7 phenylalanine hydroxylase minihaplotype in five Mediterranean samples.
1997
IVS10nt546 (IVS10nt-11g→a) is the most common molecular defect of the phenylalanine hydroxylase gene causing phenylketonuria in Mediterranean populations. Previous studies have proposed various and alternative hypotheses concerning the geographical origin and pattern of diffusion of this mutation in this area. In this study, this issue was re-examined on a large sample (149) of “Mediterranean” IVS10nt546 mutant alleles analysed with multiallelic intragenic polymorphisms. The analysis of intragenic microsatellite (STR) and minisatellite (VNTR) polymorphisms shows allelic heterogeneity of the IVS10nt546 mutation. Eight STR and three VNTR alleles were found in association with the splicing def…
Laboratory parameters in centenarians of Italian ancestry
2008
Studies aimed at collecting reference parameters for haematochemical analysis in the elderly are scarce and for the oldest old subjects even more rare. In order to establish the reference values for the most common laboratory text in long living individuals, we measured haematochemical parameters in >100 years old subjects and in aged subjects as control. Six hundred and two centenarians accepted to be enrolled in the study. A case history containing the complete anamnesis, clinical examinations, evaluation of the clinical cognitive and functional tests, was prepared for each centenarian. Blood samples from 120 > 100 years old subjects free of chronic or acute Illness (i.e. Alzheimer’s dise…
Model-based biotechnological potential analysis of Kluyveromyces marxianus central metabolism
2016
Abstract The non-conventional yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus is an emerging industrial producer for many biotechnological processes. Here, we show the application of a biomass-linked stoichiometric model of central metabolism that is experimentally validated, and mass and charge balanced for assessing the carbon conversion efficiency of wild type and modified K. marxianus. Pairs of substrates (lactose, glucose, inulin, xylose) and products (ethanol, acetate, lactate, glycerol, ethyl acetate, succinate, glutamate, phenylethanol and phenylalanine) are examined by various modelling and optimisation methods. Our model reveals the organism’s potential for industrial application and metabolic engi…
Amino acid activation in Ciona ovary and developing egg
1964
E stata studiata la attivazione di alcuni amini acidi negli ovociti nell'uovo vergine e nell'uovo fecondato diCiona intestinalis. L'andamento della attivazione della glicina e stato seguito sino alla neurulazione. Il quantitativo di amino acidi attivati e minimo nell'uovo vergine, esso aumenta rapidamente dopo la fecondazione. Durante la gastrulazione la attivazione della glicina raggiunge i valori maggiori.
Different conformations of nascent polypeptides during translocation across the ER membrane
2000
Abstract Background In eukaryotic cells, proteins are translocated across the ER membrane through a continuous ribosome-translocon channel. It is unclear to what extent proteins can fold already within the ribosome-translocon channel, and previous studies suggest that only a limited degree of folding (such as the formation of isolated α-helices) may be possible within the ribosome. Results We have previously shown that the conformation of nascent polypeptide chains in transit through the ribosome-translocon complex can be probed by measuring the number of residues required to span the distance between the ribosomal P-site and the lumenally disposed active site of the oligosaccharyl transfer…
Apparent transinhibition of peptide uptake in the scutellum of barley grain
1985
The uptake of glycylsarcosine (Gly‐Sar) into scutella separated from germinating grains of barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Himalaya) is inhibited by other peptides; in most cases the inhibition is not purely competitive but of a mixed type (simultaneous increase in the apparent Km and decrease in Vmax) (Sopanen, T. 1979. FEBS Lett. 108: 447–450). The aim of the present experiments was to elucidate the mechanism of the mixed inhibition by studying how peptides already taken up into the cells affect the uptake of Gly‐Sar. When scutella were preincubated in the presence of various peptides, 11 of the 13 peptides tested inhibited the subsequent uptake of Gly‐Sar by 10 to 45%. The inhibition, stu…
Structural Domains of the Bacillus thuringiensis Vip3Af Protein Unraveled by Tryptic Digestion of Alanine Mutants
2019
Vip3 proteins are increasingly used in insect control in transgenic crops. To shed light on the structure of these proteins, we used the approach of the trypsin fragmentation of mutants altering the conformation of the Vip3Af protein. From an alanine scanning of Vip3Af, we selected mutants with an altered proteolytic pattern. Based on protease digestion patterns, their effect on oligomer formation, and theoretical cleavage sites, we generated a map of the Vip3Af protein with five domains which match some of the domains proposed independently by two in silico models. Domain I ranges amino acids (aa) 12&ndash