Search results for "aldehyde dehydrogenase"

Nitroglycerin Hits the Nerve

2008

Organic nitrates are still widely used for the treatment of acute and chronic angina and congestive heart failure. When given acutely, their effectiveness is indisputable; in contrast, their long-term efficacy is limited because of serious side effects such as the development of tolerance and

Der cytochemische Nachweis von Prolin-Dehydrogenasen, Acetaldehyd-Dehydrogenasen und Dihydrolipons�ure-Dehydrogenase in den Zellen vonSaccharomyces c…

1967

Using the tetrazolium salt Nitro-BT, the following dehydrogenases can be demonstrated cytochemically in the cells ofSaccharomyces cerevisiae: (1)Proline dehydrogenase activity: it cannot be decided whether the formazan production is a result of L-proline: NAD(P)-2-oxidoreductase (E.C. 1.5.1.1) or of L-proline:NAD(P)-5-oxidoreductase(E.C. 1.5.1.2); (2)Aldehyde dehydrogenase activity: using the coenzymes NAD and NADP and the activators KCl and MgCl2, different reaction pictures are obtained which led to the conclusion that aldehyde: NADP oxidoreductase (E.C. 1.2.1.4) and aldehyde: NAD(P) oxidoreductase (E.C. 1.2.1 5) can be demonstrated seperately; (3)Dihydrolipoic dehydrogenase (E.C. 1.6.4.3…

Regulation of Human ALDH-2 Activity by Electrophiles – Implications for Organic Nitrate Induced Tolerance, Oxidative Stress and Reactive Fatty Acid M…

2010

EnzymesIn Vitro as indicators for pesticides: An examination

1992

Pesticides—a serious problem especially for drinking water quality—frequently are potent inhibitors of enzymes in their target organisms. As the established chemical analyses of pesticides are time-consuming, complicated, and expensive, so-called screening methods are urgently needed. For this purpose the sensitivity of 13 different enzymes was tested in vitro by inhibiting their kinetic rates and/or substrate conversions by 16 pesticides (herbicides and fungicides). Because of the stabilization and resulting low sensitivity of enzymes commercially available—especially in test kits—it was necessary to vary the test conditions and to develop special methods for detecting enzymatic inhibition…

Nitrate Reductase Activity of Mitochondrial Aldehyde Dehydrogenase (ALDH-2) as a Redox Sensor for Cardiovascular Oxidative Stress

2009

In 2002, mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH-2) was identified as an organic nitrate bioactivating enzyme. This so-called nitrate reductase activity denitrates nitroglycerin (glycerol trinitrate) to its 1,2-glycerol dinitrate metabolite and nitrite. This reaction relies on reduced thiols at the active site of the enzyme and on the presence of reduced dithiols as the electron source. During bioconversion of nitroglycerin, and also in the presence of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, the active site thiols of ALDH-2 are oxidized and the enzyme looses its activity. We, therefore, speculated that ALDH-2 activity could be a useful marker for cardiovascular oxidative stress. Indeed, th…

Glutathione, GlutathioneS-Transferase α and π, and Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Content in Relationship to Drug Resistance in Ovarian Cancer

1997

Glutathione, glutathione S-transferases alpha and pi, and aldehyde dehydrogenase are associated with resistance to carboplatin and/or cyclophosphamide in cell lines. Therefore, we examined whether the expression of these factors in ovarian cancer tissue specimens is associated with resistance of the patients to combination chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide/carboplatin. Ovarian cancer tissue specimens were taken intraoperatively from 139 patients and frozen in liquid nitrogen, and the contents of glutathione S-transferases alpha and pi, total glutathione, and aldehyde dehydrogenase activity were determined. No association between the levels of glutathione S-transferases alpha and pi or alde…