Search results for "ancien"
showing 10 items of 890 documents
The Stochastic Intelligence. A Technical Model from Ancient Greece to Robotics
2019
What do we mean when we talk about the “intelligence” of robots? In what sense does a robot “reason” and “take decisions”? Answering these questions can give food for thought towards understanding whether there is either something so specific in human beings that cannot be reproduced in robots, or—as an alternative—the way to improve robots in emulating human behavior. In the following pages I will try to give my contribution by shedding light on some characteristics concerning human reasoning and rationality, mainly referring to the ancient Greek philosophical tradition.
Ancient greek philosophy and the islamic tradition: the origins of social life, diversity, and political authority
2020
The interplay between a naturalistic understanding of social origins and the vision of the ruler as God’s representative on earth is a major aspect of medieval and early modern Islamic political discourse. The ancient Greek tradition had a formative influence on Islamic meditation regarding the origins of human society, the role of government, justice, and the qualities of the good ruler. The aim of this article is to revisit the impact of the Greek legacy on various theories about the emergence of human society and political authority that were propounded medieval Islamic authors. In the first section of this article, I review the reception of ancient Greek sources in the Islamic world and…
The Use of DNA Analysis in the Archaeology of Death and Burial
2013
Les sépultures de Truchtersheim "Holderacker" (Bas-Rhin) et les pratiques funéraires du Bronze A1 dans le sud de la plaine du Rhin supérieur
2023
Die Freilegung 2019 eines kleinen frühbronzezeitlichen (2030-1900 v. Chr.) Bestattungsensemblesin Truchtersheim „Holderacker“, etwa 12 km nordwestlich von Straßburg, hat uns bewegt uns mit der gesamten für das Elsassverfügbaren Dokumentation der frühbronzezeitlichen Bestattungssitten zu befassen. Dieser bisher kaum dokumentiertechronologische Horizont wurde kürzlich durch eine Reihe von Funden bereichert, die vorwiegend zwischen 2017 und 2019bei präventivarchäologischen Operationen im Vorfeld der Bauarbeiten der Westumgehung von Straßburg entdeckt wurden.Das bescheidene regionale Corpus mit 20 Gräbern erlaubt nur begrenzte Beobachtungen, es weist jedoch doch mehrere für dieFrühbronzezeit ch…
LES ÉQUIVOQUES DU « CONSTITUTIONNALISME OCTROYÉ » : UN DÉBAT TRANSATLANTIQUE (I)
2015
In Portugal and in its former colonies, the expression "constitucionalismo outorgado » is part of the constitutional vocabulary since the granting of the Charter of 1826. The French inspiration is obvious ; however, no equivalent expression exists in France. This curiosity leads to measure all the ambiguity of the concept of "granted constitutionalism", an improbable oxymoron according to the president of the Portuguese Republic, Teófilo Braga. Is it about a simple political and linguistic claim, a temporary compromise at the end of a frustrated Revolution? Or does it translate a deeper program, to reconcile both sides of the constitutionalism, ancient and modern ?
THE AMBIGUITIES OF « GRANTED CONSTITUTIONALISM » : A TRANSATLANTIC DEBATE (II)
2017
After France, and before Brazil, the second article concerns Portugal. The portuguese legal framework was appropriate to stem the birth of the constituent power. Reconstructed on the basis of an apocryphal transcription of its founding pact, the Cortes of Lamego of 1143, the portuguese public law benefited on top of a written document born in the XVth century, the Ordenações. This double peculiarity, making "iberian liberties" a model of the ancient constitutionalism, explains the reverential respect for these medieval borders and the hatred following Dom Pedro's granting in 1826. In these conditions, and in spite of the program followed by a "granting power" which refuses to define itself …
Exploring Culture in and of the Cold War
2018
The Cold War used to be portrayed as a global struggle between the United States and the Soviet Union. Even if this image has been challenged many times, the main images that come to mind when speaking of the Cold War, are often linked to superpower rivalry between the Soviet Union and the United States, the threat of a military conflict, and nuclear armament. These images have proved tenacious regardless of scholarship underlining cooperation across apparent ideological division and cross-border interaction instead of hostility. One of the key weaknesses is that many areas still lack empirical research that would fill in the gaps and provide material to allow us to re-evaluate the extent a…
De Vix à Lavau, sur la piste d'une production de vaisselle prestigieuse.
2022
Technai e prerogative divine sulla scena del teatro di Eschilo
2019
Lo studio indaga la posizione delle technai nell’opera di Eschilo, con particolare attenzione per il ruolo occupato dalle divinità come originarie, quando non esclusive detentrici e inventrici dei saperi tecnici. Attraverso una dettagliata disamina dell’uso del vocabolario della techne nei diversi drammi eschilei, emerge una doppia accezione del sapere tecnico, sia tradizionale che specificamente prometeico. In tal senso, la vicenda drammatica descritta nel Prometeo incatenato appare particolarmente rilevante per cogliere motivi di continuità e differenze all’interno del sistema di pensiero greco, specificamente eschileo, sulla techne. Chiude la disamina una postilla critica su due passi es…
CoproID predicts the source of coprolites and paleofeces using microbiome composition and host DNA content
2020
Shotgun metagenomics applied to archaeological feces (paleofeces) can bring new insights into the composition and functions of human and animal gut microbiota from the past. However, paleofeces often undergo physical distortions in archaeological sediments, making their source species difficult to identify on the basis of fecal morphology or microscopic features alone. Here we present a reproducible and scalable pipeline using both host and microbial DNA to infer the host source of fecal material. We apply this pipeline to newly sequenced archaeological specimens and show that we are able to distinguish morphologically similar human and canine paleofeces, as well as non-fecal sediments, fro…