Search results for "behavior"

The relationship between behavior problems, gender, special education status and school performance in the early grades of school

2017

Liukkonen, Taru. 2017. The relationship between behavior problems, gender, special education status and school performance in the early grades of school. Master’s thesis in special education. University of Jyväskylä. Department of Education and Psychology. 41 pages. The purpose of this master’s thesis was to find out whether there are changes in the average level of behavior problems of pupils from 1st to 2nd grade and wheth-er gender or receiving part-time special education is related to the average level or possible change in behavior problems. Furthermore this study tested wheth-er behavior problems in the 1st grade predict the school performance in reading, writing and mathematics in th…

Children's achievement behaviors in relation to their skill development and temperament

2013

Selective breeding for endurance running capacity affects cognitive but not motor learning in rats

2012

The ability to utilize oxygen has been shown to affect a wide variety of physiological factors often considered beneficial for survival. As the ability to learn can be seen as one of the core factors of survival in mammals, we studied whether selective breeding for endurance running, an indication of aerobic capacity, also has an effect on learning. Rats selectively bred over 23 generations for their ability to perform forced treadmill running were trained in an appetitively motivated discrimination-reversal classical conditioning task, an alternating T-maze task followed by a rule change (from a shift-win to stay-win rule) and motor learning task. In the discrimination-reversal and T-maze …

Maternal homework assistance and children's task-persistent behavior in elementary school

2018

The present study used a sample of 365 children to investigate the longitudinal associations between maternal homework assistance (i.e., help, monitoring, and autonomy granting) and children's task-persistent behavior in learning situations from grade 2 to grade 4 of elementary school. Also, the extent to which task-persistent behavior plays a role in the links between parental homework assistance and children's academic performance was examined. The results showed that the more autonomy granting mothers reported, the more task-persistent behavior children exhibited; and more task-persistent behavior children exhibited, the more autonomy their mothers granted. In contrast, the more mothers …

Disrupting neural activity related to awake-state sharp wave-ripple complexes prevents hippocampal learning

2012

Oscillations in hippocampal local-field potentials (LFPs) reflect the crucial involvement of the hippocampus in memory trace formation: theta (4–8 Hz) oscillations and ripples (~200 Hz) occurring during sharp waves are thought to mediate encoding and consolidation, respectively. During sharp wave-ripple complexes (SPW-Rs), hippocampal cell firing closely follows the pattern that took place during the initial experience, most likely reflecting replay of that event. Disrupting hippocampal ripples using electrical stimulation either during training in awake animals or during sleep after training retards spatial learning. Here, adult rabbits were trained in trace eyeblink conditioning, a hippoc…

Verbal counting skill predicts later math performance and difficulties in middle school

2019

This study examined the role of verbal counting skill as an early predictor of math performance and difficulties (at or below −1.5 standard deviation in basic math skills) in middle school. The role of fourth-grade level arithmetical skills (i.e., calculation fluency, multi-digit arithmetic i.e. procedural calculation, and word problem solving) as mediators was also investigated. The participants included 207 children in central Finland who were studied from kindergarten to the seventh grade. Path modeling showed that verbal counting in kindergarten is a strong predictor for basic math performance in seventh grade, explaining even 52% of the variance in these skills after controlling for th…

The Role of Teacher Closeness in Emotions and Achievement for Adolescents With and Without Learning Difficulties

2022

Student–teacher relationships are crucial for adolescents’ adjustment in the school context. The aim of the present study was to examine the role of teacher closeness in academic emotions and achievement among adolescents with and without learning difficulties during the first year in lower secondary school. Students’ learning difficulties (LDs) were identified based on tested reading and math skills. In addition, students evaluated their teacher relationships and rated academic emotions in literacy and math domains. The results indicated that higher teacher closeness was related to increasing positive emotions and increasing literacy achievement during seventh grade, whereas lower levels …

Organic food consumption: The relevance of the health attribute

2020

During the last decades, organic food products have become the main sustainable alternative to conventional food consumption. Among the several organic food attributes that consumers recognize in organic food, healthiness has been reported as the primary motivation to buy products certified as organic. The objective of the current study is to assess the relative weight of the health attribute among other recognized organic food attributes. To achieve this aim, a multiple price list (MPL) methodology is adopted to elicit consumers&rsquo

Towards a routine-based view of interfirm rivalry

2022

Although organizational routines have attracted increasing attention in strategy and organization research, they have received surprisingly limited attention in competitive dynamics scholarship. Our essay seeks to advance a routine-based view of interfirm rivalry by bridging the competitive dynamics and routine literatures. We put forward a conceptual model of the routine-based view of interfirm rivalry that is centered on “competitive action routines.” The model clarifies the roles that managers play in driving a firm’s competitive behavior, challenges the assumption of routine-based rigidity in competitive behavior, and adds nuance to our understanding of managerial cognition in competiti…

Toward a stage theory of the development of employees’ information security behavior

2020

Existing behavioral information security research proposes continuum or non-stage models that focus on finding static determinants for information security behavior (ISB) that remains unchanged. Such models cannot explain a case where the reasons for ISB change. However, the underlying reasons and motives for users’ ISB are not static but may change over time. To understand the change in reasoning between different antecedents, we examine stage theorizing in other fields and develop the requirements for an emergent theory of the development of employees’ ISB: (1) the content of stages based on the stage elements and their stage-specific attributes; (2) the stage-independent element explaini…