Search results for "birth"

Wrongful birth and wrongful life. Floodgate argument and the balancing of conytrasting rights in courts law making

2017

The decision analyzed affects damages forthe born child because of the impossibility for the mother to exercise the right to abortion, as the diagnosis was missing and she was not aware of the hard risk for her physical and psychological health coming from the birth of a child affected by “down syndrome”. The study starts from the distinction between: a)Wrongful birth: the personal damages suffered by pregnant women, who have not had the possibility of self-determining in the prosecution of the pregnancy in case of pathological processes of the fetus; in particular, in those cases when a disease exposes herself and her health to a severe risk (a pre-condition for abortion, according to the …

A cross-sectional study on smartphone uses among pregnant women attending childbirth classes in the Metropolitan Area of Palermo, Italy: The Stop-Pho…

2022

Background: Prevalence of mobile device addiction has increased over the years; both women and men have assimilated the mobile phone as a central component of their personal existence: integrating it into their lifestyle or becoming so dependent on it that life without it has become unimaginable. Smartphones generate radio-frequency electromagnetic fields. While short-term exposure in adults was considered quite safe, effects of long-term exposure or exposure during pregnancy on fetuses or during breastfeeding on newborns are not well studied yet. The objective of the present study was to investigate the prevalence and usage characteristics of smartphones among a sample of pregnant women, a…

2015

Study que Stion What are the long term trends in the total (live births, fetal deaths, and terminations of pregnancy for fetal anomaly) and live birth prevalence of neural tube defects (NTD) in Europe, where many countries have issued recommendations for folic acid supplementation but a policy for mandatory folic acid fortification of food does not exist? Method S This was a population based, observational study using data on 11 353 cases of NTD not associated with chromosomal anomalies, including 4162 cases of anencephaly and 5776 cases of spina bifida from 28 EUROCAT (European Surveillance of Congenital Anomalies) registries covering approximately 12.5 million births in 19 countries betwe…

Trying to control migration between zones in the world

2019

It is a fact that migration is a worrying problem in some world areas. Literature shows many studies about it. Nevertheless, no sound solutions have been proposed. Assuming that the key implied factors are development and demography, we suggest in this research, as a first step, to state a stochastic and dynamic demographic model neither considering sexes nor ages, but including the necessary and adequate economic, education and health variables. This model will be able to optimize, by means of a genetic algorithm, the amount and proportion of the main development indicators in different areas of the world along time, in order to reach the desired values of the population present in each ar…

Solving a model for the evolution of smoking habit in Spain with homotopy analysis method

2013

We obtain an approximated analytical solution for a dynamic model for the prevalence of the smoking habit in a constant population but with equal and different from zero birth and death rates. This model has been successfully used to explain the evolution of the smoking habit in Spain. By means of the Homotopy Analysis Method, we obtain an analytic expression in powers of time t which reproduces the correct solution for a certain range of time. To enlarge the domain of convergence we have applied the so-called optimal convergence-control parameter technique and the homotopy-Padé technique. We present and discuss graphical results for our solutions. ©

The use of energies as a tool to stabilise climate and world population

2021

It is a fact that population and average global temperature on Earth grow fast. Literature shows that many studies have been performed about it. Nevertheless, forecasts are not good. Assuming that the key implied factors are the consumption of energy (from the different types of energy sources) and the birth rate, we suggest in this research, as a first step, to state a stochastic demographic model, including the necessary and adequate economic, environmental and wellbeing variables. This model will be able to optimise, by means of a genetic algorithm, the amount and proportion of the main source types energy consumption as well as the average birth rate in the world, in order to maintain t…

Optimal rates of bisexual reproduction in cyclical parthenogens with density‐dependent growth

1999

This work explores theoretical patterns of reproduction that maximize the production of resting eggs and the long-term fitness of genotypes in cyclical parthenogens. Our focus is on density-dependent reproduction as it influences the consequences of a trade-off between producing amictic daughters – which reproduce parthenogenetically and subitaneously – and producing mictic daughters – which undergo meiosis and bisexual reproduction. Amictic females increase competitive ability and allow the population to achieve a larger size; mictic females directly contribute to population survival through harsh periods by producing resting eggs. Although morphologically indistinguishable, the two types …

Population processes under the influence of disasters occurring independently of population size

1989

Markov branching processes and in particular birth-and-death processes are considered under the influence of disasters that arrive independently of the present population size. For these processes we derive an integral equation involving a shifted and rescaled argument. The main emphasis, however, is on the (random) probability of extinction. Its distribution density satisfies an equation which can be solved numerically at least up to a multiplicative constant. In an example it is also found by simulation.

Urban green spaces and childhood leukemia incidence: A population-based case-control study in Madrid.

2021

Abstract Background Childhood leukemia is the most common childhood cancer. To date, few risk factors related to predisposition have been identified; therefore, new hypotheses should be considered. Objective To explore the possible relationship of residential proximity to urban green spaces on childhood leukemia. Methods We conducted a population-based case control study in the metropolitan area of Madrid from 2000 to 2015. It included 383 incident cases and 1935 controls, individually matched by birth year, sex and area of residence. Using the geographical coordinates of the participants’ home residences, we built a proxy for exposure with four distances (250 m, 500 m, 750 m and 1 km) to u…

Population-level consequences of risky dispersal

2014

Achieving sufficient connectivity between populations is essential for persistence, but costs of dispersal may select against individual traits or behaviours that, if present, would improve connectivity. Existing dispersal models tend to ignore the multitude of risks to individuals: while many assess the effect of mortality costs, there is also a risk of failing to find new habitat, especially when the entire inhabitable area remains both small and fragmented. There are few known rules governing whether individuals evolve to disperse more, or less, than what is ideal for population connectivity and persistence. Here we aim to fill this gap, while also noting that evolution might not only pr…