Search results for "bismuth"

showing 10 items of 151 documents

Influence of preoxidation on the corrosion of steels in liquid lead-bismuth eutectic

2004

Abstract Oxidation studies of martensitic/ferritic and austenitic steels have been conducted in static lead bismuth eutectic (LBE). Samples were preoxidized in an air/H2O gas mixture prior to immersion in LBE. Preoxidation films grown on HT-9 at 800°C for 48 h had a bilayer structure, an outer Fe-rich layer, and an inner Cr-rich layer. Glancing angle x-ray diffraction data found that two distinct structures were present in this oxide: Fe1+xCr2−xO4 spinel (cubic, face-centered cubic [fcc]) and (Cr,Fe)2O3 (rhombohedral, corundum). Magnetite formation (Fe3O4) was ruled out. Immersion in LBE resulted in the growth of an Fe-rich film on top of the preoxidation layer. It was concluded that the gr…

AusteniteMaterials scienceLead-bismuth eutecticGeneral Chemical EngineeringMetallurgySpinelOxideCorundumGeneral Chemistryengineering.materialCorrosionchemistry.chemical_compoundchemistryengineeringGeneral Materials ScienceLayer (electronics)Magnetite
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Adherence to international guidelines for the management of Helicobacter pylori infection among gastroenterologists and gastroenterology fellows in I…

2021

Background: Information on the management of Helicobacter (H.) pylori infection by gastroenterologists and gastroenterology fellows are scarce. We aimed to assess practice of gastroenterologists and gastroenterology fellows and their adherence to guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of H. pylori infection in Italy. Materials and Methods: All gastroenterologists and gastroenterology fellows attending the National Congress of Digestive Diseases - FISMAD were invited to fill-in an on-line questionnaire. The questionnaire included questions on the diagnosis and treatment of H. pylori infection. Results: A total of 279 gastroenterologists and 61 gastroenterology fellows participated to the stu…

Background informationHelicobacter pylori infectionmedicine.medical_specialtygenetic structuresdiagnosisgastroenterology fellowGastroenterologyHelicobacter pylori; diagnosis; gastroenterologists; gastroenterology fellows; guidelines; treatment; Amoxicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bismuth; Clarithromycin; Drug Therapy Combination; Humans; Proton Pump Inhibitors; Surveys and Questionnaires; Gastroenterologists; Gastroenterology; Helicobacter Infections; Helicobacter pyloriHelicobacter InfectionsDrug TherapyClarithromycinInternal medicineClarithromycinSurveys and QuestionnairesMedicineHumansguidelinesbiologyHelicobacter pyloritreatmentbusiness.industryGastroenterologistsGastroenterologyAmoxicillinProton Pump InhibitorsGeneral MedicineHelicobacter pyloribiology.organism_classificationeye diseasesAnti-Bacterial AgentsdiagnosiInfectious Diseasesgastroenterology fellowsThird lineCombinationDrug Therapy CombinationgastroenterologistEducational interventionsbusinessguidelineBismuthmedicine.drug
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Perspectives for CNO neutrino detection in Borexino

2018

International audience; Borexino measured with unprecedented accuracy the fluxes of solar neutrinos emitted at all the steps of the pp fusion chain. Still missing is the measurement of the flux of neutrinos produced in the CNO cycle. A positive measurement of the CNO neutrino flux is of fundamental importance for understanding the evolution of stars and addressing the unresolved controversy on the solar abundances. The measurement of the CNO neutrino flux in Borexino is challenging because of the low intensity of this component (CNO cycle accounts for about 1% of the energy emitted by Sun), the lack of prominent spectral features and the presence of background sources. The main background c…

CNO cycleexperimental methodsneutrino: solarPhysics::Instrumentation and DetectorsSolar neutrinoAstrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomenascintillation counter: liquidSolar neutrinosbismuth: admixtureAstrophysics[PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex]7. Clean energySolar neutrinoCNO-cycleneutrino: fluxAstrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det]Stellar evolutionBorexinoliquid scintillatorAstrophysics::Galaxy AstrophysicsPhysicsEnergy distributiondetectorbackgroundbismuth: nuclideCNO cycleNeutrino detector13. Climate actionBorexinoExperimental methodsNeutrino
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Cathodic reduction of CO2 to formic acid: Effect of the nature of the cathode for pressurized systems

2023

Electrochemical conversion of CO2 into formic acid (FA) in an aqueous electrolyte is considered a promising strategy to valorise waste-CO2. Some studies, mainly performed using Sn cathodes, have shown that the performance of the process can be strongly improved using pressurized systems. On the other hand, other studies, usually carried out in non-pressurized systems, have indicated that the nature of the cathode can strongly affect the process. Hence, in this work, we have investigated the coupled effect of nature of the cathode and CO2 pressure (PCO2 ) on the electrochemical conversion of CO2 to FA. Four electrodes (Sn, Sn/C-NP, Bi, Bi/C-NP) have been used as model cathodes. The results o…

CO2 reductionFormic acidPressureTinBismuthElectrochemistryCO2 reductionTinProcess Chemistry and TechnologyPressureElectrochemistryChemical Engineering (miscellaneous)Formic acidSettore ING-IND/27 - Chimica Industriale E TecnologicaBismuthPollutionWaste Management and DisposalJournal of Environmental Chemical Engineering
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Impact of Thermal Treatment on the Surface of Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3-Based Ceramics

2021

This research was funded by the European Regional Development Fund, grant number 1.1.1.2/VIAA/3/19/558. The Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Latvia as the Center of Excellence has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Framework Programme, grant number 739508.

CeramicsMaterials scienceGeneral Chemical EngineeringmicrostructureEvaporation02 engineering and technologyThermal treatmentceramicsSodium bismuth titanate010402 general chemistry01 natural sciencesInorganic Chemistrychemistry.chemical_compoundEtchingThermaletchingGeneral Materials ScienceThermal treatmentCeramicComposite materialMicrostructureCrystallography021001 nanoscience & nanotechnologyCondensed Matter PhysicsMicrostructure0104 chemical sciencesSodium bismuth titanatechemistryEtchingQD901-999visual_artParticle-size distributionvisual_art.visual_art_mediumsodium bismuth titanate:NATURAL SCIENCES [Research Subject Categories]0210 nano-technologythermal treatmentCrystals
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Die selektive invers-voltammetrische Bestimmung des Antimons in salzsauren Lösungen nach Lösungswechsel in einer einfachen Durchflußzelle

1987

The selective invers-voltammetric determination of antimony in a simple flow-through cell in hydrochloric acid solutions is described. After double medium exchange for post-electrolysis and inverse-voltammetric determination, the determination of antimony is possible in the presence of a large excess of copper, bismuth and other elements. The limit of determination is 0.2–0.3 ppb Sb, the reproducibility 1.5% (10 ppb Sb).

ChemistryDetection thresholdStereochemistryClinical Biochemistrychemistry.chemical_elementHydrochloric acidGeneral MedicineCopperAnalytical ChemistryBismuthchemistry.chemical_compoundAntimonyGeneral Materials ScienceNuclear chemistryFresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie
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The role of metal oxides as promoters of V2O5/γ-Al2O3 catalysts in the oxidative dehydrogenation of propane

1997

Summary The physicochemical properties of potassium-, bismuth-, phosphorous- and molybdenum-doped (Me/V atomic ratios of 0 to 1) V 2 O 5 /γ-Al 2 O 3 catalysts and their catalytic behavior in the oxidative dehydrogenation of propane have been compared. The incorporation of metal oxides modifies the catalytic behavior of alumina-supported vanadia catalysts by changing both their redox and their acid-base properties. In this way, the addition of potassium leads to the best increase in the selectivity to propylene. This performance can be related to the modification of the acid character of the surface of the catalysts. The possible role of both redox and acid-base properties of catalysts on th…

ChemistryPotassiumInorganic chemistrychemistry.chemical_elementRedoxCatalysisBismuthMetalchemistry.chemical_compoundPropanevisual_artvisual_art.visual_art_mediumDehydrogenationSelectivity
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Real-Time Observation of “Soft” Magic-Size Clusters during Hydrolysis of the Model Metallodrug Bismuth Disalicylate

2021

International audience; Colloidal bismuth therapeutics have been used for hundreds of years, yet remain mysterious. Here we report an X-ray pair distribution function (PDF) study of the solvolysis of bismuth disalicylate, a model for the metallodrug bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol). This reveals catalysis by traces of water, followed by multistep cluster growth. The ratio of the two major species, {Bi9O7} and {Bi38O44}, depends on exposure to air, time, and the solvent. The solution-phase cluster structures are of significantly higher symmetry in comparison to solid-state analogues, with reduced off-center Bi3+ displacements. This explains why such “magic-size” clusters can be both stab…

Cluster chemistrychemistry.chemical_element[CHIM.THER]Chemical Sciences/Medicinal Chemistry010402 general chemistry01 natural sciencesBiochemistryCatalysisBismuth subsalicylateBismuthlaw.inventionColloidColloid and Surface ChemistrylawCluster (physics)medicineOrganometallic Compounds[CHIM.COOR]Chemical Sciences/Coordination chemistryCrystallization010405 organic chemistryPair distribution functionGeneral ChemistrySalicylates0104 chemical sciences[CHIM.THEO]Chemical Sciences/Theoretical and/or physical chemistryCrystallographychemistrySolvolysisCrystallization ; Group theory ; Bismuth ; Cluster chemistry ; Metal clustersBismuthmedicine.drug
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Dielectric investigation of lead‐free perovskite strontium titanate with 25% bismuth ceramics

2009

In this work lead-free 0.75SrTiO3-0.25BiTiO3 ceramics have been investigated in broad frequency range. Obtained results showed pronounced dispersion below room temperature typical for the dipolar glasses. The calculated relaxation time distribution function broadens toward longest relaxation times part on cooling. The obtained most probable relaxation time diverges according to the Vogel-Fulcher relationship with the following parameters: dipole activation energy EA=2123 K, glassy state temperature T0=52.7 K, shortest relaxation time, referring to dipole relaxations at very high temperatures, τ0=2.1·10–14 s. (© 2009 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

Condensed matter physicsChemistryRelaxation (NMR)chemistry.chemical_elementActivation energyDielectricCondensed Matter PhysicsBismuthDipolechemistry.chemical_compoundNuclear magnetic resonanceStrontium titanateDispersion (chemistry)Perovskite (structure)physica status solidi c
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Influence of Pendant Arms Bearing Ligating Groups on the Structure of Bismuth Porphyrins: Implications for Labeling Immunoglobulins Used in Medical A…

2004

International audience; The synthesis of two picket bismuth(III) porphyrins is reported, and their crystal structures are compared. The influence of the nature of the pickets, as well as their number, is discussed in terms of stability, kinetics of metalation, structure, and distortion of the porphyrin. Unexpectedly, the resultsindicate that the coordination sphere of bismuth is not affected by different types of distortion nor is the stability of the complex. For both types of complexes, the X-ray crystallography revealed that a single arm is actually in direct interaction with the bismuth cation, thereby allowing furtherfunctionalization on the porphyrin core as the linkage with immunoglo…

Coordination spherePorphyrinsMetalationStereochemistryKineticsBiomedical EngineeringPharmaceutical Sciencechemistry.chemical_elementImmunoglobulinsBioengineeringCrystal structure010402 general chemistryCrystallography X-RayLigands01 natural sciences[ CHIM ] Chemical SciencesBismuthchemistry.chemical_compound[CHIM]Chemical SciencesBismuth cationPharmacologyStaining and Labeling010405 organic chemistryChemistryOrganic ChemistryPorphyrin0104 chemical sciences3. Good healthCrystallographySurface modificationBismuthBiotechnology
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