Search results for "bladder"

Long-Term Management of Overactive Bladder with Antimuscarinic Agents

2007

Abstract Antimuscarinic therapy is the primary treatment for overactive bladder. Long-term persistence with the therapy can be problematical, and has been linked to both efficacy and tolerability. A number of specific contributory factors to poor persistence can be identified, such as adverse effects of medication, insufficient beneficial effects, inadequate follow-up after initiation of therapy (poor motivation), and unmet or unrealistic expectations (poor communication between the patient and physician). Open-label studies on antimuscarinics overestimate the real-life persistence, which can lead to unrealistic expectations of the physician. Dose flexibility has improved patient compliance…

Therapeutic targets for overactive bladder other than smooth muscle

2015

For a long time, our concepts of regulation of urinary bladder function in health and disease as well as of the target structures of therapeutics have focused on detrusor smooth muscle cells. However, other structures including urothelium, afferent nerves and bladder blood vessels may also be important in pathophysiology and its treatment.Based on a selective review of literature, we discuss the role of urothelium, afferent nerve fibers and bladder blood vessels in bladder pathophysiology and as targets for treatment.There is solid evidence now that multiple anatomical structures within the urinary bladder contribute to the regulation of its function and hence may be targets for established…

S9-Fibronectin, EGF-R, HB-EGF:biomarkers of urothelial damage during intravesical adjuvant therapy?

2013

Intravesical chemotherapy and immunotherapy with BCG represent the standard therapy to prevent recurrence after transurethral resection (TUR) of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMI-BC). Maintenance for at least one year is considered the best regimen. Noteworthy, a relevant number of patients do not complete the planned treatment due to local toxicity of the drug given intravesically1, 2. A major challenge for the urologists is to identify an early urothelial damage biomarker to prevent severe local toxicity requiring treatment interruption and to improve patient's compliance. The preliminary purpose of our research was to verify the possible correlation between urothelial damage induce…

Should overactive bladder symptoms be reported as means or medians? An exploratory study with propiverine

2018

Expression of transketolase TKTL1 predicts colon and urothelial cancer patient survival: Warburg effect reinterpreted

2006

Abstract Tumours ferment glucose to lactate even in the presence of oxygen (aerobic glycolysis; Warburg effect). The pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) allows glucose conversion to ribose for nucleic acid synthesis and glucose degradation to lactate. The nonoxidative part of the PPP is controlled by transketolase enzyme reactions. We have detected upregulation of a mutated transketolase transcript (TKTL1) in human malignancies, whereas transketolase (TKT) and transketolase-like-2 (TKTL2) transcripts were not upregulated. Strong TKTL1 protein expression was correlated to invasive colon and urothelial tumours and to poor patients outcome. TKTL1 encodes a transketolase with unusual enzymatic prop…

Nanofibrillar scaffold resists to bile and urine action: experiences in pigs

2020

Biomaterial-based-scaffolds’ functions are to replace anatomical and functional features loss of an injured tissue. They can replace native tissue after their reabsorption. Material and methods. In our experimental procedures we utilized the PHEA-PLA+PCL scaffold in 2 female pigs to assess its resistance to bile and urine. Results. Both pigs survived to surgical procedures. After a month fibres appeared unchanged in term of form and dimension at electronic microscopy. Cells and ECM factors were founded inside the scaffold in a microscopical evaluation. Conclusion. Planar and tubular scaffolds were colonized by cells and extracellular matrix elements. The study conducted on pig suggested tha…

Comparison of enzyme phenotypes in human bladder tumours and experimentally induced hyperplastic and neoplastic lesions of the rat urinary bladder. A…

1988

The expression of a number of enzymes involved in drug metabolism, membrane function etc. was compared in hyperplastic and neoplastic lesions of the rat bladder and in human bladder tumours. Transitional cell carcinomas (TCC) in both rat and Man were characterized by decreased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and increased gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), beta-glucuronidase (beta-G1), succinate dehydrogenase (SD) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) activities. In addition, binding for antibodies specific for different cytochrome P-450 species (UT50, PB3a, MC1, MC2) and microsomal epoxide hydrolase (mEHb) was elevated in both murine and human tumours. Comparison of the enzyme phenotyp…

Ultrasound measurement of detrusor thickness in bladder instability in women

1997

– Ultrasound was used to measure the detrusor thickness in 20 women with urodynamically-proved detrusorial instability. In 95% of the cases, detrusor thickness is greater than or equal to 5 mm. Comparison with a control group confirms the reliability of these results.

New potentially cytotoxic thiolatogold(I) complexes of 1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene

1996

Abstract 1,1′-Bis[chlorogold(I) diphenylphosphino] ferrocene (1) was chosen as the starting material to synthesize new thiolato gold(I) complexes. This has been achieved by substituting the chlorine atoms by monofunctional and bifunctional thiolates affording ‘open’ thiolatogold complexes and trimetallic ferrocenophane-type structures, respectively. The new 1,1′-bis(2,6-dithia-1-phosphanyl)ferrocene (7) containing directly linked P and S atoms was also prepared but no gold complex was obtained. Compound 2 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/n with a=10.2632), b=21.064(4), c=16.259(3) A , β=97.06(2)° and V=3.488(1) A 3 . The distance between the two gold atoms (3.06 A) indicates a…

Hepatic Hilar and Sectorial Vascular and Biliary Anatomy in Right Graft Adult Live Liver Donor Transplantation

2008

Abstract Introduction The aim of this study was to analyze vascular and biliary variants at the hilar and sectorial level in right graft adult living donor liver transplantation. Methods From January 2003 to June 2007, 139 consecutive live liver donors underwent three-dimensional computed tomography (3-D CT) reconstructions and virtual 3-D liver partitioning. We evaluated the portal (PV), arterial (HA), and biliary (BD) anatomy. Results The hilar and sectorial biliary/vascular anatomy was predominantly normal (70%–85% and 67%–78%, respectively). BD and HA showed an equal incidence (30%) of hilar anomalies. BD and PV had a nearly identical incidence of sectorial abnormalities (64.7% and 66.2…