Search results for "brain"
showing 10 items of 3997 documents
From structural biochemistry to expression profiling: Neuroprotective activities of estrogen
2005
Abstract Estrogens are neuromodulatory and neuroprotective hormones. Chemically, estrogens are steroid compounds and unfold most of their activities through the activation of nuclear receptors that bind to specific target genes and control their transcription. Two subtypes of estrogen receptors are known (estrogen receptor α and estrogen receptor β) and they are expressed throughout the body including the CNS and in particular the brain. We employed large scale DNA-chip-analysis to display the gene expression pattern differentially regulated by both estrogen receptor subtypes in human neuronal cells. We identified different gene families regulated by estrogen receptors that complement the k…
Prognostic value of NT-proBNP and CA125 across glomerular filtration rate categories in acute heart failure.
2021
This study aimed to evaluate whether glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) during admission modifies the predictive value of plasma amino-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125) in patients hospitalized for acute heart failure (AHF).We retrospectively evaluated 4595 patients consecutively discharged after admission for AHF at three tertiary-care hospitals from January 2008 through October 2019. To investigate the effect of kidney function on the association of NT-proBNP and CA125 with 1-year mortality (all-cause and cardiovascular mortality), we stratified patients according to four eGFR categories:30 mL•minAt 1-year follow-up, 748 of 4595 (16.3%)…
Antagonizing dabigatran by idarucizumab in cases of ischemic stroke or intracranial hemorrhage in Germany—Updated series of 120 cases
2020
Background Idarucizumab is a monoclonal antibody fragment with high affinity for dabigatran reversing its anticoagulant effects within minutes. Thereby, patients with acute ischemic stroke who are on dabigatran treatment may become eligible for thrombolysis with recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (rt-PA). In patients on dabigatran with intracerebral hemorrhage idarucizumab could prevent lesion growth. Aims To provide insights into the clinical use of idarucizumab in patients under effective dabigatran anticoagulation presenting with signs of acute ischemic stroke or intracranial hemorrhage. Methods Retrospective data collected from German neurological/neurosurgical departments ad…
Intravenous thrombolysis for acute ischaemic stroke in patients on direct oral anticoagulants.
2018
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Whereas intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) is allowed for acute ischaemic stroke in patients on vitamin K antagonists with international normalized ratio ≤1.7, there are no similar recommendations for patients on direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs), notably due to the lack of coagulation tests to assess the therapeutic effects. Although the literature is scarce, consisting of small case series and retrospective studies, considering the frequency of this situation the French Vascular Neurology Society and the French Study Group on Haemostasis and Thrombosis have worked on a joint position paper to provide a practical position regarding the emergency management of ischaemic …
Transcranial Magnetic Resonance-Guided Focused Ultrasound Surgery for Brain Tumor Ablation: Are We Ready for This Challenging Treatment?
2018
The treatment of high-grade gliomas (HGGs) remains a challenge for modern therapy. The prognosis for these patients has been poor. The median patient survival after diagnosis has been ∼1 year with surgery and/or radiotherapy and temozolomide.1 The need for a histological diagnosis of tumor tissue in each case and the importance of decompression in symptomatic patients are well established, and extensive surgical resection has been shown to significantly prolong survival. Several factors play a role in the prognosis of patients with HGG, including age, performance status using the Karnofsky performance scale, and the extent of resection.2, 3 At present, the standard therapy for HHG consists …
Frequency and determinants for hemorrhagic transformation of posterior cerebral stroke : Posterior ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic transformation.
2017
BACKGROUND: hemorrhagic transformation is a threatening ischemic stroke complication. Frequency of hemorrhagic transformation differs greatly among studies, and its risk factors have been usually studied in patients with anterior ischemic stroke who received thrombolytic therapy. We evaluated, in a hospital-based series of patients with posterior ischemic stroke not treated with thrombolysis, frequency and risk factors of hemorrhagic transformation. Patients with posterior circulation stroke were seen in our Department during the period January 2004 to December 2009. Demographic and clinical information were collected. We estimated risk for spontaneous hemorrhagic transformation by means of…
Interleukin-6 production in "normal" and HTLV-1 tax-expressing brain-specific endothelial cells.
1993
Abnormal cytokine production can contribute in many instances to the development of pathology. Our study focuses on the regulation of interleukin (IL)-6 production in vitro in brain-specific endothelial cells (BEC) under physiological conditions and in a model of human T leukemia virus-1 (HTLV-1) infection. IL-6 production was strongly up-regulated in a dose-dependent mode upon exposure to recombinant IL-1 beta, although nearly not detectable in unstimulated BEC. This induction of IL-6 production could be achieved by reagents known to increase intracellular levels of cAMP, such as forskolin, prostaglandin E or pentoxifylline. Furthermore, transcription and production of IL-6 was inducible b…
Anesthetics and Cerebral Protection in Patients Undergoing Carotid Endarterectomy
2015
EREBRAL ISCHEMIA/HYPOXIA may occur in a vari-ety of perioperative circumstances. The main pathophy-siologic aspects involved in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion arecaused by adenosine triphosphate (ATP) consumption, theexcitotoxic actions of glutamate, changes in ionic homeostasis,and formation of free radicals (Fig 1). Outcomes from suchevents range from subclinical neurocognitive deficits to cata-strophic neurologic morbidity or death.
Can transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) improve impulsivity in healthy and psychiatric adult populations? A systematic review.
2020
Impulsivity is a multidimensional phenomenon that remains hard to define. It compounds the core pathological construct of many neuropsychiatric illnesses, and despite its close relation to suicide risk, it currently has no specific treatment. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation technique whose application results in cognitive function improvement, both in healthy and psychiatric populations. Following PRISMA recommendations, a systematic review of the literature concerning tDCS's effects on impulsive behaviour was performed using the PubMed database. The research was based on the combination of the keyword 'tDCS' with 'impulsivity', 'response i…
Anodal transcranial direct current stimulation over the right hemisphere improves auditory comprehension in a case of dementia.
2017
Background Noninvasive transcranial stimulation methods have been increasingly employed in order to improve cognitive performance in neurological patients. In previous studies with both stroke patients and healthy subjects, noninvasive stimulation of temporal-parietal regions and their homologue produced an improvement in linguistic tasks. Objective The aim of the current study was to evaluate if anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over Brodmann areas 39/40 (angular and supramarginal gyri) could promote the recovery of linguistic functions, in particular comprehension and naming, in a single patient affected by dementia. Methods Three preliminary explorative single session…