Search results for "carbohydrate"
showing 10 items of 882 documents
0132 : Oxidative stress and cardio-metabolic alterations induced by postnatal programming can be reversed in adulthood by a short-term moderate calor…
2016
Postnatal overfeeding (PNOF) in rodents induces early programming of cardio-metabolic risk. Our aim was to determine if a moderate diet restriction could restore cardio-metabolic alterations induced by PNOF. Immediately after birth, litters of C57BL/6 mice were either maintained at 9 (normal litter, NL), or reduced to 3 (small litter, SL) to induce PNOF. At weaning, all mice received a standard diet ad libitum (AL). At 6 month of age, half of the NL and SL mice were assigned to a moderate 20% calorie restriction (CR: NLCR, SLCR) for one month, while the other mice continued to eat AL (AL: NLAL, SLAL). Glucose and insulin tolerance tests, cardiac function (echocardiography), body composition…
Inorganic Nitrate Therapy Improves Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiomyopathy
2011
The anthracycline doxorubicin (DOX) is a potent and effective antineoplastic antibiotic agent widely used in the treatment of a broad range of forms of cancer. The clinical use of DOX is limited by cardiotoxicity, which increases dose dependently and may lead to dilated cardiomyopathy and clinical
Low Carbohydrate Diet (SCD/GAPS) for Children with Autistic Spectrum Disorder
2019
Objective of the study was to investigate the potential of low carbohydrate diet (SCD/ and supplements in reducing some autistic spectrum disorder ASD symptoms in children.
Purification and characterization of a pore-forming protein from the marine sponge Tethya lyncurium
1992
A pore-forming protein was detected and purified for the first time from a marine sponge (Tethya lyncurium). The purified protein has a polypeptide molecular mass of 21 kDa and a pI of 6.4. Tethya pore-forming protein (also called Tethya hemolysin) rapidly lysed erythrocytes from a variety of organisms. After binding to target membranes, the hemolysin resisted elution with EDTA, salt or solutions of low ionic strength and hence resembled an integral membrane protein. Erythrocytes could be protected from hemolysis induced by Tethya hemolysin by addition of 30 mM dextran 4 (4-6 kDa; equivalent hydrodynamic diffusion radius, 1.75-2.3 nm) to the extracellular medium, but not by addition of unch…
SPHINGOLIPID TRANSPORT FROM THE TRANSGOLGI NETWORK TO THE APICAL SURFACE IN PERMEABILIZED MDCK CELLS
1992
AbstractWe have measured the transport of de novo synthesized fluorescent analogs of sphingomyelin and glucosylceramide from the trans-Golgi network (TGN) to the apical membrane in basolaterally permeabilized Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells. Sphingolipid transport was temperature, ATP and cytosol dependent. Introduction of bovine serum albumin (BSA), which binds fluorescent sphingolipid monomer, into the permeabilized cells, did not affect lipid transport to the apical membrane. Both fluorescent sphingomyelin and glucosylceramide analogs were localized to the lumenal bilayer leaflet of isolated TGN-derived vesicles. These results strongly suggest that both sphingolipids are transport…
The glucose-dependent transport of L-malate in Zygosaccharomyces bailii.
1984
Zygosaccharomyces bailii possesses a constitutive malic enzyme, but only small amounts of malate are decomposed when the cells ferment fructose. Cells growing anaerobically on glucose (glucose cells) decompose malate, whereas fructose cells do not. Only glucose cells show an increase in the intracellular concentration of malate when suspended in a malate-containing solution. The transport system for malate is induced by glucose, but it is repressed by fructose. The synthesis of this transport system is inhibited by cycloheximide. Of the two enantiomers L-malate is transported preferentially. The transport of malate by induced cells is not only inhibited by addition of fructose but also inac…
Geographical mapping of metabolites in biological tissue with quantitative bioluminescence and single photon imaging
1993
This article features a novel technique for measuring the spatial distribution of metabolites, such as ATP, glucose, and lactate, in rapidly frozen tissue. Concentration values are obtained in absolute terms and with a spatial resolution of single-cell dimension. The method is based on enzymatic reactions that link the metabolite of interest to luciferase with subsequent light emission. Using a specific array, cryosections are brought into contact with the enzymes in a well-defined, reproducible way inducing a distribution of light across the section with an intensity that is proportional to the metabolite concentration. The emitted light can be visualized through a microscope and an imagin…
α-Secretase Activity of the Disintegrin Metalloprotease ADAM 10: Influences of Domain Structure
2001
Disintegrin metalloproteases from different organisms form the ADAM (a disintegrin and metalloprotease) family. All members display a common domain organization and possess four potential functions: proteolysis, cell adhesion, cell fusion, and cell signaling. Members of the ADAM family are responsible for the proteolytic cleavage of transmembrane proteins and release of their extracellular domain. The proteolytic process is referred to as ectodomain shedding, which is activated by phorbol esters and inhibited by hydroxamic acid-based inhibitors. We have shown that the disintegrin metalloprotease ADAM 10 has both constitutive and regulated alpha-secretase activity. Expression of a dominant n…
Multivalency Beats Complexity: A Study on the Cell Uptake of Carbohydrate Functionalized Nanocarriers to Dendritic Cells.
2020
Herein, we report the synthesis of carbohydrate and glycodendron structures for dendritic cell targeting, which were subsequently bound to hydroxyethyl starch (HES) nanocapsules prepared by the inverse miniemulsion technique. The uptake of the carbohydrate-functionalized HES nanocapsules into immature human dendritic cells (hDCs) revealed a strong dependence on the used carbohydrate. A multivalent mannose-terminated dendron was found to be far superior in uptake compared to the structurally more complex oligosaccharides used.
Central Modulatory Neurons Control Fuel Selection in Flight Muscle of Migratory Locust
2003
Insect flight is one of the most intense and energy-demanding physiological activities. High carbohydrate oxidation rates are necessary for take-off, but, to spare the limited carbohydrate reserves, long-distance flyers, such as locusts, soon switch to lipid as the main fuel. We demonstrate that before a flight, locust muscles are metabolically poised for take-off by the release of octopamine from central modulatory dorsal unpaired median (DUM) neurons, which increases the levels of the potent glycolytic activator fructose 2,6-bisphosphate in flight muscle. Because DUM neurons innervating the flight muscles are active during rest but selectively inhibited during flight, they stimulate carbo…