Search results for "central nervous system"

showing 10 items of 898 documents

Application of solid-phase microextraction combined with derivatization to the enantiomeric determination of amphetamines.

2005

Abstract The utility of combining chiral derivatization and solid-phase microextraction (SPME) for the enantiomeric analysis of primary amphetamines by liquid chromatography has been investigated. Different derivatization/extraction strategies have been evaluated and compared using the chiral reagent o -phthaldialdehyde (OPA)– N -acetyl- l -cysteine (NAC) and fibres with a Carbowax-templated resin coating. Amphetamine, norephedrine and 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA) were used as model compounds. On the basis of the results obtained, a new method is presented based on the derivatization of the analytes in solution followed by SPME of the OPA–NAC derivatives formed. The proposed conditio…

AnalyteClinical BiochemistryPhenylpropanolaminePharmaceutical ScienceSolid-phase microextractionAnalytical Chemistrychemistry.chemical_compoundDrug DiscoveryHumansDerivatizationSpectroscopyChromatography High Pressure LiquidAqueous solutionChromatographyExtraction (chemistry)AmphetaminesReproducibility of ResultsStereoisomerismSolutionsSpectrometry FluorescencechemistryReagentCentral Nervous System StimulantsIndicators and ReagentsEnantiomerQuantitative analysis (chemistry)Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis
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Tumor necrosis factor alpha polymorphism C-850T is not associated with Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia in an Italian population.

2003

A pathogenic role of inflammatory factors has been proposed both in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VD). A previous report indicated the presence of polymorphism C-850T of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha as a genetic risk factor for VD and, associated with apolipoprotein E epsilon 4, for AD. We have assessed the association between TNF-alpha polymorphism and dementias in Italian populations of AD, VD and elderly controls. The influence of TNF-alpha polymorphism on dementia has not been confirmed in this segment of the Italian population.

Apolipoprotein EMalePathologymedicine.medical_specialtyGenotypemedicine.medical_treatmentCentral nervous system diseaseDegenerative diseaseAlzheimer DiseaseRisk FactorsmedicineDementiaHumansVascular dementiaAgedAged 80 and overPolymorphism Geneticbusiness.industryTumor Necrosis Factor-alphaGeneral Neurosciencemedicine.diseaseCytokineItalyImmunologyTumor necrosis factor alphaDementiaFemaleAlzheimer's diseasebusinessNeuroscience letters
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APOE epsilon variation in multiple sclerosis susceptibility and disease severity: some answers

2006

Background: Previous studies have examined the role of APOE variation in multiple sclerosis (MS), but have lacked the statistical power to detect modest genetic influences on risk and disease severity. The meta- and pooled analyses presented here utilize the largest collection, to date, of MS cases, controls, and families genotyped for the APOE epsilon polymorphism. Methods: Studies of MS and APOE were identified by searches of PubMed, Biosis, Web of Science, Cochrane Review, and Embase. When possible, authors were contacted for individual genotype data. Meta-analyses of MS case-control data and family-based analyses were performed to assess the association of APOE epsilon genotype with dis…

Apolipoprotein EOncologyRiskmedicine.medical_specialtyPathologyMultiple SclerosisGenotypeApolipoprotein E2Apolipoprotein E4Polymorphism Single NucleotideSeverity of Illness IndexLinkage DisequilibriumPrimary progressiveCentral nervous system disease03 medical and health sciences0302 clinical medicineApolipoproteins EDisease severityPolymorphism (computer science)Internal medicineGenotypemedicineHumansGenetic Predisposition to Disease10. No inequalityAlleles030304 developmental biology0303 health sciencesExpanded Disability Status ScalePolymorphism GeneticScience & Technologybusiness.industryMultiple sclerosismedicine.disease3. Good healthPedigreePhenotypeCase-Control StudiesSettore MED/26 - NeurologiaNeurology (clinical)businessMultiple Sclerosis APOE disease severity meta-analysis030217 neurology & neurosurgery
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Apolipoprotein E polymorphism influences not only cerebral senile plaque load but also Alzheimer-type neurofibrillary tangle formation.

1995

Only recently, evidence was provided that apolipoprotein E allele epsilon 4 located on Chromosome 19 is associated with late onset (i.e. senile) sporadic Alzheimer's disease. Histologically, Alzheimer's disease is associated with intraneuronal neurofibrillary changes and extraneuronal A4/beta-amyloid deposition. We set out with a histological staging system which considers the gradual development of Alzheimer's disease-related histological changes over time and correlates highly with the cognitive decline ante mortem. Our analysis revealed that both the mean stage for A4/beta-amyloid deposits and the mean stage for neurofibrillary tangles get significantly shifted upwards in epsilon 4-carri…

Apolipoprotein EPathologymedicine.medical_specialtyGenotypeLate onsetBiologyCentral nervous system diseaseDegenerative diseaseApolipoproteins EAlzheimer DiseasemedicineHumansSenile plaquesCognitive declineAllelesAgedAged 80 and overAmyloid beta-PeptidesPolymorphism GeneticGeneral NeuroscienceAge FactorsBrainNeurofibrillary tangleNeurofibrillary TanglesMiddle Agedmedicine.diseaseRegression AnalysisAlzheimer's diseaseChromosomes Human Pair 19Neuroscience
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Neuronal cell cycle: the neuron itself and its circumstances.

2015

Neurons are usually regarded as postmitotic cells that undergo apoptosis in response to cell cycle reactivation. Nevertheless, recent evidence indicates the existence of a defined developmental program that induces DNA replication in specific populations of neurons, which remain in a tetraploid state for the rest of their adult life. Similarly, de novo neuronal tetraploidization has also been described in the adult brain as an early hallmark of neurodegeneration. The aim of this review is to integrate these recent developments in the context of cell cycle regulation and apoptotic cell death in neurons. We conclude that a variety of mechanisms exists in neuronal cells for G1/S and G2/M check…

ApoptosisBrdU 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridineReviewp75NTR neurotrophin receptor p75Nervous SystemG0 quiescent stateCKI Cdk-inhibitorNeuronsCell DeathNeurodegenerationCell CycleapoptosisNeurodegenerative DiseasesCell cycleCell biologymedicine.anatomical_structureInk inhibitor of kinaseBDNF brain-derived neurotrophic factorp38MAPK p38 mitogen-activated protein kinaseG2 growth phase 2Programmed cell deathS-phasePD Parkinson diseaseRb RetinoblastomaMcm2 minichromosome maintenance 2PCNA proliferating cell nuclear antigenMitosisContext (language use)BiologyCdk cyclin-dependent kinaseCNS central nervous systemS-phase synthesis phase.Cip/Kip cyclin inhibitor protein/kinase inhibitor proteinmedicineAnimalsHumansMolecular BiologyMitosisTetraploidAD Alzheimer diseasecell cycle re-entryDNA replicationCell BiologyNeuronmedicine.diseaseG1 growth phase 1neuronRGCs retinal ganglion cellsCell cycle re-entrytetraploidnervous systemApoptosisNeuronDevelopmental BiologyCell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.)
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Pharmacological blockade of the fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) alters neural proliferation, apoptosis and gliosis in the rat hippocampus, hypothal…

2015

Endocannabinoids participate in the control of neurogenesis, neural cell death and gliosis. The pharmacological effect of the fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) inhibitor URB597, which limits the endocannabinoid degradation, was investigated in the present study. Cell proliferation (phospho-H3(+) or BrdU(+) cells) of the main adult neurogenic zones as well as apoptosis (cleaved caspase-3(+)), astroglia (GFAP(+)), and microglia (Iba1(+) cells) were analyzed in the hippocampus, hypothalamus and striatum of rats intraperitoneally treated with URB597 (0.3 mg/kg/day) at one dose/4-days resting or 5 doses (1 dose/day). Repeated URB597 treatment increased the plasma levels of the N-acylethanolamine…

AstrocitosNeurobiologia del desenvolupamentAmidohidrolasasCannabinoid receptorCarbamatos:Chemicals and Drugs::Amino Acids Peptides and Proteins::Proteins::Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins::Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins::Caspases [Medical Subject Headings]:Phenomena and Processes::Cell Physiological Phenomena::Cell Physiological Processes::Cell Differentiation::Neurogenesis [Medical Subject Headings]medicine.medical_treatment:Chemicals and Drugs::Carbohydrates::Monosaccharides::Hexoses::Glucose [Medical Subject Headings]Apoptosis:Phenomena and Processes::Physiological Phenomena::Body Constitution::Body Weights and Measures::Body Size::Body Weight [Medical Subject Headings]chemistry.chemical_compound:Chemicals and Drugs::Amino Acids Peptides and Proteins::Proteins::Membrane Proteins::Receptors Cell Surface::Receptors G-Protein-Coupled::Receptors Cannabinoid::Receptor Cannabinoid CB1 [Medical Subject Headings]0302 clinical medicine:Chemicals and Drugs::Organic Chemicals::Carboxylic Acids::Acids Acyclic::Carbamates [Medical Subject Headings]Fatty acid amide hydrolaseReceptor cannabinoide CB1:Organisms::Eukaryota::Animals [Medical Subject Headings]FAAHGliosishealth care economics and organizations:Chemicals and Drugs::Nucleic Acids Nucleotides and Nucleosides::Nucleosides::Deoxyribonucleosides::Deoxyuridine::Bromodeoxyuridine [Medical Subject Headings]:Chemicals and Drugs::Lipids::Glycerides::Triglycerides [Medical Subject Headings]Original Research0303 health sciencesNeurogenesisBenzamidas:Chemicals and Drugs::Polycyclic Compounds::Steroids::Cholestanes::Cholestenes::Cholesterol [Medical Subject Headings]Endocannabinoid systemEtanolaminas3. Good healthEndocannabinoides:Chemicals and Drugs::Lipids::Fatty Acids::Fatty Acids Unsaturated::Fatty Acids Monounsaturated::Oleic Acids [Medical Subject Headings]CannabinoidesMicroglíalipids (amino acids peptides and proteins)medicine.symptomColesterol:Chemicals and Drugs::Organic Chemicals::Hydrocarbons::Terpenes::Cannabinoids [Medical Subject Headings]:Chemicals and Drugs::Lipids::Fatty Acids::Palmitic Acids [Medical Subject Headings]psychological phenomena and processesProliferación celularmedicine.medical_specialtyCerebroNeurogenesiseducationBiologyBromodesoxiuridina:Anatomy::Nervous System::Neuroglia::Microglia [Medical Subject Headings]Triglicéridoslcsh:RC321-571Ácidos oléicosRatas03 medical and health sciencesCellular and Molecular NeuroscienceInternal medicineHipocampomedicineCaspasa 3:Anatomy::Nervous System::Central Nervous System::Brain::Limbic System::Hippocampus [Medical Subject Headings]:Phenomena and Processes::Cell Physiological Phenomena::Cell Physiological Processes::Cell Growth Processes::Cell Proliferation [Medical Subject Headings]lcsh:Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry030304 developmental biologyPalmitoylethanolamide:Chemicals and Drugs::Chemical Actions and Uses::Pharmacologic Actions::Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action::Neurotransmitter Agents::Endocannabinoids [Medical Subject Headings]:Chemicals and Drugs::Enzymes and Coenzymes::Enzymes::Hydrolases::Amidohydrolases [Medical Subject Headings]Cannabinoids:Anatomy::Cells::Neuroglia::Astrocytes [Medical Subject Headings]Peso corporalEnergy metabolism:Anatomy::Nervous System::Central Nervous System::Brain [Medical Subject Headings]:Anatomy::Nervous System::Central Nervous System::Brain::Limbic System::Hypothalamus [Medical Subject Headings]URB597:Phenomena and Processes::Cell Physiological Phenomena::Cell Physiological Processes::Cell Death [Medical Subject Headings]:Diseases::Pathological Conditions Signs and Symptoms::Pathologic Processes::Gliosis [Medical Subject Headings]:Chemicals and Drugs::Organic Chemicals::Amines::Amino Alcohols::Ethanolamines [Medical Subject Headings]Muerte celular:Phenomena and Processes::Cell Physiological Phenomena::Cell Physiological Processes::Cell Death::Apoptosis [Medical Subject Headings]:Organisms::Eukaryota::Animals::Chordata::Vertebrates::Mammals::Rodentia::Muridae::Murinae::Rats [Medical Subject Headings]EndocrinologyURB597chemistryGliosisnervous systemGlucosaCannabinoidEnergy Metabolism:Chemicals and Drugs::Organic Chemicals::Amides::Benzamides [Medical Subject Headings]HipotálamoÁcidos palmíticos030217 neurology & neurosurgeryNeuroscienceFrontiers in Cellular Neuroscience
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Role of Hsp70 in Multiple Sclerosis: An Overview

2019

For many years heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) was considered exclusively an intracellular chaperone contributing to protein proteostasis and in apoptotic pathway block. Lately it has been demonstrated that Hsp70 is actively released in the extracellular environment, thereby promoting the activation of the immune system by stimulating innate and adaptive responses through the activation of APCs. Its expression in the nervous system is induced in a variety of pathological conditions. Emerging evidences displayed that Hsp70 is a critical regulator in normal neural cells. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) directed against myelin antigens. In thi…

Autoimmune diseaseNervous systembusiness.industryMultiple sclerosisNeurodegenerationCentral nervous systemAutoimmunity · HSP · Hsp70 · Immune response · Multiple sclerosis · Neurodegenerationmedicine.diseaseMyelinProteostasisImmune systemmedicine.anatomical_structureMedicinebusinessNeuroscience
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Single-dose ebselen does not afford sustained neuroprotection to rats subjected to severe focal cerebral ischemia

2004

Oxygen free radicals have been involved in the pathophysiology of cerebral ischemia, especially after spontaneous or thrombolytic reperfusion. In this study with rats, we have combined a severe focal ischemic insult (2 h) and a prolonged reperfusion time (7 days) to assess the possible sustained neuroprotective effect of ebselen (10 or 100 mg/kg), a small, lipophilic organoselenium compound which mimics glutathione peroxidase. Parietal cortical perfusion was measured by laser-Doppler flowmetry, and focal cerebral ischemia was carried out by the intraluminal thread method. We have measured plasma selenium levels, brain reduced glutathione levels, as a marker of oxidative stress, and infarct …

AzolesMaleTime FactorsCentral nervous systemDrug Evaluation PreclinicalIschemiaAdministration OralIsoindolesPharmacologymedicine.disease_causeNeuroprotectionDrug Administration ScheduleBrain IschemiaSeleniumchemistry.chemical_compoundOrganoselenium CompoundsAnimalsMedicineRats WistarBrain ChemistryPharmacologychemistry.chemical_classificationbusiness.industryEbselenCerebral infarctionGlutathione peroxidaseBody WeightBrainInfarction Middle Cerebral ArteryGlutathionemedicine.diseaseGlutathioneRatsOxidative Stressmedicine.anatomical_structurechemistrySpainAnesthesiaReperfusionReactive Oxygen SpeciesbusinessOxidative stressEuropean Journal of Pharmacology
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Feeding enhances extracellular lactate of local origin in the rostromedial hypothalamus but not in the cerebellum.

1999

Abstract The use of brain microdialysis together with chronic vascular catheterization allowed us to assay extracellular fluid lactate (ECF L ) in both the ventromedial–paraventricular (VMH–PVN) area of the hypothalamus and the cerebellum, in parallel with measures of plasma levels, and in relation to food intake. A 45 min scheduled meal increased VMH–PVN ECF L by 28%. This increase was not observed in the cerebellum. The prandial increase in plasma glucose (43%, from 4.74 to 6.77 mM) and lactate (84%, from 0.83 to 1.53 mM) showed a different temporal pattern and lasted longer than that of the ECF L . Glucose delivery by reverse dialysis for 45 min into the VMH–PVN area increased ECF L by 4…

Blood GlucoseMaleMicrodialysismedicine.medical_specialtyCerebellumTime FactorsMicrodialysisCentral nervous systemBiologyDeoxyglucoseBlood–brain barrierEatingInternal medicineCerebellumExtracellular fluidmedicineExtracellularAnimalsLactic AcidRats WistarMolecular BiologyGeneral Neurosciencedigestive oral and skin physiologyMetabolismPostprandial PeriodRatsmedicine.anatomical_structureEndocrinologyGlucosenervous systemHypothalamusVentromedial Hypothalamic NucleusNeurology (clinical)Extracellular SpaceDevelopmental BiologyParaventricular Hypothalamic NucleusBrain research
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Predictors of outcome in acute ischemic cerebrovascular syndromes: The GIFA study

2006

Abstract Background Today it may be more useful to use the term acute ischemic cerebrovascular syndrome (AICS) to define a spectrum of disease ranging from TIA to stroke and that share a similar underlying pathophysiology: cerebral ischemia . The aim of this study is to evaluate the prognostic importance of some demographic, laboratory and clinical variables on the outcome in hospitalized patients with a discharge diagnosis suggestive of acute ischemic cerebral syndrome (AICS). Methods 17,377 Subjects were enrolled in the GIFA study, a multicenter survey of hospitalized older patients. 1878 Subjects with a main discharge diagnosis suggestive of acute ischemic cerebrovascular syndrome (AICS)…

Blood GlucoseMalemedicine.medical_specialtyActivities of daily livingMultivariate analysisIschemiaDiseaseComorbidityBrain IschemiaCentral nervous system diseaseDisability EvaluationLeukocyte CountInternal medicineActivities of Daily LivingOutcome Assessment Health CaremedicineHumansHospital Mortalitystroke fetuin A cytokinesStrokeAgedbusiness.industryVascular diseaseAge Factorsmedicine.diseasePrognosisComorbidityHospitalizationAcute DiseaseMultivariate AnalysisPhysical therapyFemaleCardiology and Cardiovascular MedicinebusinessCognition Disorders
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