Search results for "certainty"
showing 10 items of 1057 documents
Global burden of hypertension and systolic blood pressure of at least 110 to 115 mm Hg, 1990-2015
2017
IMPORTANCE Elevated systolic blood (SBP) pressure is a leading global health risk. Quantifying the levels of SBP is important to guide prevention policies and interventions. OBJECTIVE To estimate the association between SBP of at least 110 to 115 mm Hg and SBP of 140 mm Hg or higher and the burden of different causes of death and disability by age and sex for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2015. DESIGN A comparative risk assessment of health loss related to SBP. Estimated distribution of SBP was based on 844 studies from 154 countries (published 1980-2015) of 8.69 million participants. Spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression was used to generate estimates of mean SBP and adjusted va…
Experimental evidence for suspence as determinant of video game enjoyment
2009
Based on theoretical assumptions from film psychology and their application to video games, the hypothesis is tested that suspense is a major factor in video game enjoyment. A first-person shooter game was experimentally manipulated to create either a low level or a high level of suspense. Sixty-three participants were randomly assigned to experimental conditions; enjoyment was assessed after playing by a 10-item rating scale. Results support the assumption that suspense is a driver of video game enjoyment. © 2009 Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.
Social comparison as a predictor of changes in burnout among nurses
2010
This study addressed the question whether the affect evoked by social comparisons and individual differences in social comparison orientation (SCO) may predict the development of burnout over a period of one year. The participants were 93 nurses (25 males and 68 females) who filled out a questionnaire twice, with an interval of about one year. Comparisons with others performing better than oneself (upward comparisons) were reported to occur more often, to evoke more positive affect, and to invoke less negative affect than comparisons with others performing worse than oneself (downward comparisons). Those who responded at Time 1 (T1) with more positive affect to upward comparison and with le…
Common Mental Disorders and Economic Uncertainty: Evidence from the COVID-19 Pandemic in the U.S.
2021
Mental health disorders represent an enormous cost to society, are related to economic outcomes, and have increased markedly since the COVID-19 outbreak. Economic activity contracted dramatically on a global scale in 2020, representing the worst crisis since the Great Depression. This study used the COVID Impact Survey to provide insights on the interactions of mental illness and economic uncertainty during COVID-19. We used a probability-based panel survey, COVID Impact Survey, conducted in the U.S. over three waves in the period April-June 2020. The survey covered individual information on employment, economic and financial uncertainty, mental and physical health, as well as other demogra…
Evolution of a Quantum System: Lifetime of a Determinant
1976
A measure of the ''dependency'' of a many-particle system is defined and its time dependence is evaluated for systems initially described by a single Slater determinant. An uncertainty product between the energy spread of the initial determinant and the lifetime of a system's independence is established. Numerical estimates of some lifetimes are given. They are not so long as to be reassuring for nuclear time-dependent Hartree--Fock calculations. Each separate case ought to be checked. 1 table.
Les followers ont-ils vraiment de l'importance dans le modèle de Stackelberg?
2011
In this paper, we consider a T-stage linear model of Stackelberg oligopoly. First, we show geometrically and analytically that under the two conditions of linear market demand and identical constant marginal costs, the T-stage Stackelberg model reduces to a model where T oligopolies exploit residual demand sequentially. At any stage, leaders behave as if followers did not matter. Second, we study social welfare and convergence toward competitive equilibrium. Especially, we consider the velocity of convergence as the number of firms increases. The convergence is faster when reallocating firms from the most to the less populated cohort until equalizing the size of all cohorts.
Minimising value-at-risk in a portfolio optimisation problem using a multi-objective genetic algorithm
2011
[EN] In this paper, we develop a general framework for market risk optimisation that focuses on VaR. The reason for this choice is the complexity and problems associated with risk return optimisation (non-convex and non-differential objective function). Our purpose is to obtain VaR efficient frontiers using a multi-objective genetic algorithm (GA) and to show the potential utility of the algorithm to obtain efficient portfolios when the risk measure does not allow calculating an optimal solution. Furthermore, we measure differences between VaR efficient frontiers and variance efficient frontiers in VaR-return space and we evaluate out-sample capacity of portfolios on both bullish and bearis…
Statistical formats to optimize evidence-based decision making: A behavioral approach
2013
Abstract Statistical information is crucial for managerial decision making. The decision-making literature in psychology and mathematical cognition documents how different statistical formats can facilitate certain types of decisions. The present analysis is the first of its kind to assess the impact of statistical formats in the presentation of data from market research on both the optimality of market decisions and the time required to perform the decision-making process. An economic experiment provides the data for this study. The experiment presents statistical information in simple frequencies and relative frequencies using numerical and pictorial representations in the context of diff…
Influence of Time Pressure on the Outcome of Intercultural Commercial Negotiations
2016
ABSTRACTIt is essential, in commercial negotiations, to know how time pressure is expressed among customers and suppliers and which its effect on the outcomes of negotiation is. Must pressure be applied or not? In order to solve this question, 21 customer/supplier negotiation case studies were carried out (intercultural and intracultural). We have evidenced that an adequate time pressure, at low levels, produced outcomes that tend to be positive. Also, the national culture of the negotiators may influence the decision about using or not time pressure in these processes; especially when considering In-Group Collectivism and Uncertainty Avoidance dimensions.
Analyzing the Impact of Culture on Average Time Spent on Social Networking Sites
2014
The study examines the influence of national culture on national averages of time spent (ATS) visiting the largest social networking sites (SNSs): Facebook, Twitter, and LinkedIn. The analysis uses cultural dimensions adopted from both the works of Hofstede and Schwartz, while controlling for country e-readiness and median population age. The findings suggest that culture's influence may be moderated by the media richness and type of network focus of each SNS. Overall, in rich-media SNSs, egalitarianism positively impacts ATS. Individualism and masculinity only impact ATS on friendship-oriented SNSs. Additionally, uncertainty avoidance and intellectual autonomy only impact ATS on profession…