Search results for "classification"
showing 10 items of 29475 documents
Are grapevine stomata involved in the elicitor-induced protection against downy mildew?
2009
Stomata, natural pores bordered by guard cells, regulate transpiration and gas exchanges between plant leaves and the atmosphere. These natural openings also constitute a way of penetration for microorganisms. In plants, the perception of potentially pathogenic microorganisms or elicitors of defense reactions induces a cascade of events, including H2O2 production, that allows the activation of defense genes, leading to defense reactions. Similar signaling events occur in guard cells in response to the perception of abscisic acid (ABA), leading to stomatal closure. Moreover, few elicitors were reported to induce stomatal closure in Arabidopsis and Vicia faba leaves. Because responses to ABA…
Light availability affects sex lability in a gynodioecious plant.
2016
PREMISE OF THE STUDY: Sex lability (i.e., gender diphasy) in plants is classically linked to the larger resource needs associated with the female sexual function (i.e., seed production) compared to the male function (i.e., pollen production). Sex lability in response to the environment is extensively documented in dioecious species, but has been largely overlooked in gynodioecious plants. METHODS: Here, we tested whether environmental conditions induce sex lability in the gynodioecious Geranium sylvaticum. We conducted a transplantation experiment in the field where plants with different sex expression were reciprocally transplanted between high light and low light habitats. We measured pla…
Sobre el lectótipo de <em>Limonium aragonense (Plumbaginaceae)</em>
2018
Se discute y clarifica la tipificación realizada por Erben en 1978 del nombre Statice aragonensis [≡ Limonium aragonense]
The Ectocarpus genome and the independent evolution of multicellularity in brown algae
2010
Brown algae (Phaeophyceae) are complex photosynthetic organisms with a very different evolutionary history to green plants, to which they are only distantly related. These seaweeds are the dominant species in rocky coastal ecosystems and they exhibit many interesting adaptations to these, often harsh, environments. Brown algae are also one of only a small number of eukaryotic lineages that have evolved complex multicellularity (Fig. 1). We report the 214 million base pair (Mbp) genome sequence of the filamentous seaweed Ectocarpus siliculosus (Dillwyn) Lyngbye, a model organism for brown algae, closely related to the kelps (Fig. 1). Genome features such as the presence of an extended set of…
Brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) high genetic diversity around the Tyrrhenian Sea as revealed by nuclear and mitochondrial markers
2018
The brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) is widely distributed all around Europe but its natural diversity is threatened by massive stocking with Atlantic domestic strains. Describing the remaining natural genetic diversity and the proportion of domestic hatchery strains in rivers is a prerequisite for smart conservation. The high genetic diversity of brown trout populations around the Tyrrhenian Sea is well known. Use of twelve microsatellites has allowed description of the natural genetic structure of populations and detection of the consequences of stocking. Mitochondrial DNA control region sequences and the LDH-C1* gene enabled placement of each population into one of the six mitochondrial and…
The consequences of size-selective fishing mortality for larval production and sustainable yield in species with obligate male care
2020
AbstractSize-based harvest limits or gear regulations are often used to manage fishing mortality and ensure the spawning biomass of females is sufficiently protected. Yet, management interactions with species’ mating systems that affect fishery sustainability and yield are rarely considered. For species with obligate male care, it is possible that size-specific harvest of males will decrease larval production. In order to examine how size-based management practices interact with mating systems, we modeled fisheries of two species with obligate care of nests, corkwing wrasse (Symphodus melops, Labridae) and lingcod (Ophiodon elongatus, Hexigrammidae) under two management scenarios, a minimum…
Retroconversion of docosapentaenoic acid (n-6): an alternative pathway for biosynthesis of arachidonic acid in Daphnia magna.
2013
The aim of this study was to assess metabolic pathways for arachidonic acid (20:4n-6) biosynthesis in Daphnia magna. Neonates of D. magna were maintained on [13C] enriched Scenedesmus obliquus and supplemented with liposomes that contained separate treatments of unlabeled docosapentaenoic acid (22:5n-6), 20:4n-6, linoleic acid (18:2n-6) or oleic acid (18:1n-9). Daphnia in the control treatment, without any supplementary fatty acids (FA) containing only trace amounts of 20:4n-6 (~0.3 % of all FA). As expected, the highest proportion of 20:4n-6 (~6.3 %) was detected in Daphnia that received liposomes supplemented with this FA. Higher availability of 18:2n-6 in the diet increased the proportio…
First record for the flora of Italy and lectotypification of the name Linum elegans (Linaceae)
2017
Linum elegans has been detected in calcareous rocky garrigues on the Gargano promontory (Apulia, SE-Italy), representing the first record for the Italian flora and the first one outside the Balkan Peninsula. The geographical disjunction may provide evidence for past amphi-Adriatic/amphi-Ionic terrestrial connections. The population found was ascribed to L. campanulatum in the past. As a consequence, a comparison between these two species is undertaken. Furthermore, the name L. elegans is here lectotypified on a specimen preserved at G, and the IUCN assessment of the species in Italy is briefly discussed.
Immune activation increases susceptibility to oxidative tissue damage in Zebra Finches.
2006
Summary 1The innate immune response involves the production of highly reactive molecules (reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, ROS and RNS). These toxic compounds can effectively destroy invading pathogens but can also, non-specifically, target host cells. Tissue damage caused by ROS and RNS can be substantial if the inflammatory response is overactive, potentially inducing a so-called immunopathology. 2In this study, we induced an inflammatory response in Zebra Finches by the way of a LPS injection (lipopolysaccharide of the cell wall of Escherichia coli), using as a control a group of birds injected with saline (phosphate-buffered saline). Body mass was measured both before and 24 h afte…
Artemisia arborescens essential oil composition, enantiomeric distribution and antimicrobial activity from different wild populations from the Medite…
2016
International audience; Aerial parts of Artemisiaarborescens were collected from different sites of the Mediterranean area (southwestern Algeria and southern Italy) and the chemical composition of their essential oil (EO) extracted by hydrodistillation was studied by both gas chromatography (GC) equipped with an enantioselective capillary column and GC/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The EOs obtained were tested against several Listeriamonocytogenes strains. Using GC and GC/MS, 41 compounds were identified, accounting for 96.0-98.8% of the total EO. All EOs showed a similar terpene profile, which was rich in chamazulene, -thujone, and camphor. However, the concentration of such compounds varied …