Search results for "complexi"

showing 10 items of 1116 documents

From Screening to Scale-Up: The DoE-Based Optimization of Electrochemical Reduction of l-Cystine at Metal Cathodes

2021

Design of experiment (DoE) is a powerful statistical tool in establishing improved chemical processes. An optimization and scale-up of the electrochemical reduction of l-cystine to l-cysteine is pr...

Chemical processMaterials scienceOrganic ChemistryCystineElectrochemistryCathodelaw.inventionReduction (complexity)Metalchemistry.chemical_compoundchemistryChemical engineeringlawvisual_artSCALE-UPvisual_art.visual_art_mediumPhysical and Theoretical ChemistryOrganic Process Research & Development
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Hf27Si6P10, a novel metal-rich compound with P2 groups

2000

The new ternary metal rich compound Hf27Si6P10 has been synthesized by reduction of HfP with Hf and Si; Hf27Si6P10 crystallizes in a new structure type, a characteristic and unexpected feature of which is the presence of P2 groups; the structural results are interpreted with the aid of high-level band structure calculations.

ChemistryStereochemistryMetals and AlloysGeneral ChemistryStructure typeCatalysisSurfaces Coatings and FilmsElectronic Optical and Magnetic MaterialsReduction (complexity)MetalCrystallographyFeature (computer vision)visual_artMaterials ChemistryCeramics and Compositesvisual_art.visual_art_mediumElectronic band structureTernary operationChemical Communications
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Determination of metal inventory and current efficiency in commercial aluminum reduction cells

1971

A method for the determination of the metal inventory in commercial aluminum reduction cells, based on radioisotope dilution, has been developed, employing a198Au tracer. By taking a large number of samples from the cells, the current efficiency is evaluated from the slope of the cumulative metal inventory vs time data. The method allows a determination of the current efficiency over a period of 2 to 3 days with a relative precision of approximately 1 pct. The paper gives a thorough discussion of the sources of error inherent in the procedure suggested.

Chemistrybusiness.industryGeneral EngineeringAnalytical chemistrychemistry.chemical_elementTime dataDilutionMetalReduction (complexity)Aluminiumvisual_artTRACERvisual_art.visual_art_mediumRelative precisionCurrent (fluid)Process engineeringbusinessMetallurgical Transactions
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C1q secreted in the tumour microenvironment promotes tumour growth in the absence of complement activation

2012

We have recently shown that locally secreted C1q is involved in trophoblast invasion of decidua during pregnancy (Agostinis et al., J. Immunol. 2010;185;4420–4429). Since this physiologic process resembles to some extent tumor progression, we sought to investigate if C1q plays a similar role in tumor development and progression. Immunohistochemical analysis of several solid tumours including colon, prostate, lung and breast cancer and melanoma revealed the presence of C1q that was localized on the vascular endothelium and also distributed in the stroma in the absence of C4. To investigate the in vivo role of C1q in tumour development, 6/8 week old female WT and C1q−/− C57BL/6 mice received …

ChemistrytumourImmunologyImmunology and AllergycomplementHematologycomplement; tumourComplement systemComplement (complexity)Cell biology
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Exergoeconomic analysis as support in decision-making for the design and operation of multiple chiller systems in air conditioning applications

2020

Abstract Multiple-chillers systems represent viable solutions for medium/large-scale air conditioning applications characterized by variable cooling demand. The energy efficiency of such systems is influenced by the number of chillers, the combination of cooling capacities, and the load-sharing among the units. Large efforts have been devoted to developing efficient operation strategies for these systems, but rules of thumb are usually adopted for selecting cooling capacities thus leaving room for energy and economic savings. In this paper, exergoeconomic analysis is proposed as a promising method to identify near-optimal design and operation strategies, due to the capability of exergoecono…

ChillerRenewable Energy Sustainability and the Environmentbusiness.industryComputer science020209 energyEnergy Engineering and Power Technology02 engineering and technologyRule of thumbReduction (complexity)Variable (computer science)Fuel Technology020401 chemical engineeringNuclear Energy and EngineeringAir conditioningMultiple-chillers systems Air conditioning Exergoeconomics Plant design Control strategy CostChilled water0202 electrical engineering electronic engineering information engineeringSettore ING-IND/10 - Fisica Tecnica Industriale0204 chemical engineeringProcess engineeringbusinessEnergy (signal processing)Efficient energy use
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Do too many choices have negative consequences? An empirical review

2013

Various experiments demonstrated that having too much choice has negative consequences on the motivation to choose and on the satisfaction with the chosen option. However, the literature reports conflicting results showing that choosing from large assortments has advantages. This paper reviews the main empirical results in favor and against the negative effect of too much choice and identifies possible directions for further research. Copyright © 2013 by Società editrice il Mulino.

Choice overloadDecision complexityDecision complexity choice overload tyranny of choice too-much-choice effect consumer hyperchoiceConsumer hyperchoiceTyranny of choiceToo-much-choice effect
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Evaluation of several global resolution functions for liquid chromatography

1999

Abstract An interpretative approach, that makes use of the overlapped fraction of each chromatographic peak as elementary resolution criterion, was applied to the separation of mixtures of compounds. The elementary resolution measurements for all peaks in the chromatogram were reduced to a single numerical value using several functions: normalised by the mean resolution product, unnormalised product, geometrical mean of the unnormalised product, and worst elementary resolution value. The descriptive capability of these reduction functions was evaluated through the observation of global resolution diagrams and the change in the shape of the chromatograms in the selected factor space. michrom…

ChromatographyResolution (mass spectrometry)ElutionChemistryFraction (chemistry)BiochemistryAnalytical ChemistryReduction (complexity)Product (mathematics)Phase compositionmedicineEnvironmental ChemistryGeometric meanSpectroscopyThiazidemedicine.drugAnalytica Chimica Acta
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Measurement of the Md3+/Md2+ Reduction Potential Studied with Flow Electrolytic Chromatography

2013

The reduction behavior of mendelevium (Md) was studied using a flow electrolytic chromatography apparatus. By application of the appropriate potentials on the chromatography column, the more stable Md(3+) is reduced to Md(2+). The reduction potential of the Md(3+) + e(-) → Md(2+) couple was determined to be -0.16 ± 0.05 V versus a normal hydrogen electrode.

ChromatographyStandard hydrogen electrodeFlow (psychology)Analytical chemistrychemistry.chemical_elementElectrolyteIonMendeleviumInorganic ChemistryReduction (complexity)chemistryPhysical and Theoretical ChemistryLuminescenceChromatography columnInorganic Chemistry
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Positive Versions of Polynomial Time

1998

Abstract We show that restricting a number of characterizations of the complexity class P to be positive (in natural ways) results in the same class of (monotone) problems, which we denote by posP . By a well-known result of Razborov, posP is a proper subclass of the class of monotone problems in P . We exhibit complete problems for posP via weak logical reductions, as we do for other logically defined classes of problems. Our work is a continuation of research undertaken by Grigni and Sipser, and subsequently Stewart; indeed, we introduce the notion of a positive deterministic Turing machine and consequently solve a problem posed by Grigni and Sipser.

Class (set theory)Computational complexity theoryAlgorithmic logicTheoretical Computer ScienceComputer Science ApplicationsCombinatoricsTuring machinesymbols.namesakeMonotone polygonNon-deterministic Turing machineComputational Theory and MathematicsComplexity classsymbolsTime complexityMathematicsInformation Systems
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Noise-tolerant efficient inductive synthesis of regular expressions from good examples

1997

We present an almost linear time method of inductive synthesis restoring simple regular expressions from one representative (good) example. In particular, we consider synthesis of expressions of star-height one, where we allow one union operation under each iteration, and synthesis of expressions without union operations from examples that may contain mistakes. In both cases we provide sufficient conditions defining precisely the class of target expressions and the notion of good examples under which the synthesis algorithm works correctly, and present the proof of correctness. In the case of expressions with unions the proof is based on novel results in the combinatorics of words. A genera…

Class (set theory)CorrectnessComputer programComputer Networks and CommunicationsComputer scienceComputer experimentTheoretical Computer ScienceHardware and ArchitectureSimple (abstract algebra)Regular expressionTime complexityAlgorithmSoftwareProgram synthesisNew Generation Computing
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