Search results for "defense"

Le cause di giustificazione della responsabilità civile e la nuova legittima difesa

2020

the essay addresses the problem of wrongfulness in torts and analyzes the recent reform of self-defense. In particular, the study highlights the effects on the structure of tort liability of the expansion of the area of necessary and proportional behavior. The essay aims to offer a systematic picture of the justifications in tort liability

Defensive secretions of nymphs and adults of five species Pyrrhocoridae (Insecta : Heteroptera)

1993

International audience

[Cartas a Felipe II sobre fortificar los puertos]

Ms Títol pres del llom de l'enquadernació Al f. 2, s'inclou una taula de contingut Numeració antiga: 128 f. ; foliació posterior a llapis asignada pel catalogador: 248 f. ; fulls en blanc (129-228, 229v, 230r) Escrit per diverses mans i algunes anotacions marginals Filigrana Anotacions en el f. 1: "D[o]n Vespasiano Gonzaga, Principe de Sabioneta, Duque de Trageto fue Virrey de Valencia en 1575"; D[o]n Vespasiano Manrique Gonzaga, Conde de Paredes, fue Virrey de Val[enci]a en 1668, abuelo o visabuelo del C[on]de de Parcent actual" Cartes de Vespasiano Gonzaga Colonna, datades entre els anys 1570 i 1577, informant sobre les fortificacions i defenses en diferents llocs d'Espanya dirigides, la …

Defense against predators incurs high reproductive costs for the aposematic moth Arctia plantaginis

2020

Abstract To understand how variation in warning displays evolves and is maintained, we need to understand not only how perceivers of these traits select color and toxicity but also the sources of the genetic and phenotypic variation exposed to selection by them. We studied these aspects in the wood tiger moth Arctia plantaginis, which has two locally co-occurring male color morphs in Europe: yellow and white. When threatened, both morphs produce defensive secretions from their abdomen and from thoracic glands. Abdominal fluid has shown to be more important against invertebrate predators than avian predators, and the defensive secretion of the yellow morph is more effective against ants. Her…

Free Radicals Mediate Systemic Acquired Resistance

2014

Summary: Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is a form of resistance that protects plants against a broad spectrum of secondary infections. However, exploiting SAR for the protection of agriculturally important plants warrants a thorough investigation of the mutual interrelationships among the various signals that mediate SAR. Here, we show that nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) serve as inducers of SAR in a concentration-dependent manner. Thus, genetic mutations that either inhibit NO/ROS production or increase NO accumulation (e.g., a mutation in S-nitrosoglutathione reductase [GSNOR]) abrogate SAR. Different ROS function additively to generate the fatty-acid-derived azel…

In margine all’insostenibile leggerezza dell’essere (giurisdizionalmente) in-competente del giudice amministrativo

2022

A reflection on some preliminary procedural tasks of the administrative judge

Vuolsi così colà dove si puote ciò che si vuole e più non dimandare: la scure del giudice amministrativo sui “limiti dimensionali di sinteticità” deg…

2021

The paper aims at stimulating a critical thought on the power of the judges to restrict the thema decidendum at the expenses of the position of one party

Microbial communities of lycaenid butterflies do not correlate with larval diet

2016

Herbivores possess many counteradaptations to plant defenses, and a growing body of research describes the role of symbiotic gut bacteria in mediating herbivorous diets among insects. However, persistent bacterial symbioses have not been found in Lepidoptera, despite the fact that perhaps 99% of the species in this order are herbivorous. We surveyed bacterial communities in the guts of larvae from 31 species of lycaenid butterflies whose caterpillars had diets ranging from obligate carnivory to strict herbivory. Contrary to our expectations, we found that the bacterial communities of carnivorous and herbivorous caterpillars do not differ in richness, diversity, or composition. Many of the o…

From deception to frankness: Benefits of ontogenetic shift in the anti-predator strategy of alder moth Acronicta alni larvae

2014

Abstract Animals can avoid prédation by masquerading as objects that are not food to their predators. Alder moth Acronicta alni larvae go through an impressive ontogenetic change from masquerade to highly conspicuous appearance: early larval stages resemble bird droppings but in the last instar the larval coloration changes into striking yellow-and-black stripes. We hypothesized that such a change may be driven by differential prédation favoring dissimilar anti-predator strategies in different life stages. We show with a series of laboratory assays that larvae are distasteful to birds regardless of their developmental stage, suggesting that ontogenetic color change is not driven by the diff…

THE ATTITUDE OF THE PEDAGOGICAL SPECIALITIES’ STUDENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF LATVIA TO THE STUDY COURSE OF CIVIL DEFENCE

2020

In Latvia the Civil Defence course is a compulsory course for all higher education study programs. The aim of the study was to find out the attitude of the students of pedagogy specialties of the University of Latvia towards the Civil Defence course, to study the students' self-assessment of understanding the most important topics of the Civil Defence course and the most important insights learned by students during acquiring the Civil Defence course. To find out the attitude of the pedagogical specialties students towards the Civil Defence course, a questionnaire of the first-year students was carried out after the acquisition of the course. The responses of full-time and part-time student…