Search results for "deriva"
showing 10 items of 1423 documents
Determination of total and free sulphur dioxide in wine with a continuous-flow microdistillation system
1993
Abstract A continuous-flow microdistillation system for the determination of SO2 (free and total) in wine samples is described. The assembly permits the successive addition of discrete volumes of sample to the microdistillation module with the aid of a nitrogen carrier stream. The nitrogen carrier also transports the volatilized SO2, after the distillation step, to the absorption module, where the analyte reacts with a solution of 2,2′-dinitro-5,5′-dithiodibenzoic acid in phosphate buffer (pH 6) to give a yellow derivative, which is monitored spectrophotometrically at 410 nm. Free and total so2 signals are obtained by operating the microdistillation module at room temperature (ca. 20°C) and…
Some Theoretical Results About Stability for IMEX Schemes Applied to Hyperbolic Equations with Stiff Reaction Terms
2010
In this work we are concerned with certain numerical difficulties associated to the use of high order Implicit–Explicit Runge–Kutta (IMEX-RK) schemes in a direct discretization of balance laws with stiff source terms. We consider a simple model problem, introduced by LeVeque and Yee in [J. Comput. Phys 86 (1990)], as the basic test case to explore the ability of IMEX-RK schemes to produce and maintain non-oscillatory reaction fronts.
Free energy and states of fractional-order hereditariness
2014
AbstractComplex materials, often encountered in recent engineering and material sciences applications, show no complete separations between solid and fluid phases. This aspect is reflected in the continuous relaxation time spectra recorded in cyclic load tests. As a consequence the material free energy cannot be defined in a unique manner yielding a significative lack of knowledge of the maximum recoverable work that can extracted from the material. The non-uniqueness of the free energy function is removed in the paper for power-laws relaxation/creep function by using a recently proposed mechanical analogue to fractional-order hereditariness.
Zirconium, hafnium and yttrium complexes containing two linked amido— tetramethylcyclopentadienyl ligands: Synthesis, reactivity and molecular struct…
1998
Abstract Zirconium and hafnium complexes M(η5: η1−C5Me4SiMe2NR′)xCl(4−2x) (M = Zr, Hf; x = 1, 2; R′ = iPr, tBu) containing one or two linked amido-tetramethylcyclopentadienyl ligands C5Me4SiMe2NR′ have been synthesized by the reaction of the dilithium derivative Li2(C5Me4SiMe2NR′) with MCl4(THF)2. The crystal structure of the hafnium complex Hf(η5: η1−C5Me4SiMe2NiPr)2 has been determined by a single-crystal X-ray diffraction study and shows a C2-symmetric helical metallocene, in which the amido ligands are bonded as π-donor ligands with Hf—N bond lengths of 2.115(2) A. The isoelectronic heterobimetallic yttrium complex Li[Y(η5: η1−C5Me4SiMe2NCH2CH2OMe)2] reacts with phenylacetylene to give …
Highly Enantioselective Friedel−Crafts Alkylations of Indoles with Simple Enones Catalyzed by Zirconium(IV)−BINOL Complexes
2007
Complexes of BINOL-based ligands with Zr(OtBu)4 catalyze the Friedel-Crafts alkylation reaction of indoles and pyrrole with nonchelating beta-substituted alpha,beta-enones at room temperature affording the expected products with good yields and ee above 95% in most of the studied examples.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Synthesis of Tertiary Alcohols Through a Zirconium-Catalyzed Friedel-Crafts Alkylation of Pyrroles with α-Ketoe…
2011
Chiral complexes of 1,1′-bi-2-naphthol-based ligands with zirconium tert-butoxide catalyze the Friedel–Crafts alkylation of pyrroles with α-ketoesters to afford tertiary alcohols in good yields and ee up to 98%. The reaction is also of application to 4,7-dihydroindole to give C2-alkylated indoles after oxidation with p-benzoquinone.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Functionalized Indoles with a Trifluoromethyl-Substituted Stereogenic Tertiary Carbon Atom Through an Enantioselect…
2010
Chiral complexes of BINOL-based ligands with zirconium tert-butoxide catalyze the Friedel-Crafts alkylation reaction of indoles with beta-trifluoromethyl-alpha,beta-unsaturated ketones to give functionalized indoles with an asymmetric tertiary carbon center attached to a trifluoromethyl group. The reaction can be applied to a large number of substituted alpha-trifluoromethyl enones and substituted indoles. The expected products were obtained with good yields and ees of up to 99%.
Sobolev and bounded variation functions on metric measure spaces
2014
International audience
Characterizations of convex approximate subdifferential calculus in Banach spaces
2016
International audience; We establish subdifferential calculus rules for the sum of convex functions defined on normed spaces. This is achieved by means of a condition relying on the continuity behaviour of the inf-convolution of their corresponding conjugates, with respect to any given topology intermediate between the norm and the weak* topologies on the dual space. Such a condition turns out to also be necessary in Banach spaces. These results extend both the classical formulas by Hiriart-Urruty and Phelps and by Thibault.
Second order optimality conditions in the smooth case and applications in optimal control
2007
International audience; The aim of this article is to present algorithms to compute the first conjugate time along a smooth extremal curve, where the trajectory ceases to be optimal. It is based on recent theoretical developments of geometric optimal control, and the article contains a review of second order optimality conditions. The computations are related to a test of positivity of the intrinsic second order derivative or a test of singularity of the extremal flow. We derive an algorithm called COTCOT (Conditions of Order Two and COnjugate times), available on the web, and apply it to the minimal time problem of orbit transfer, and to the attitude control problem of a rigid spacecraft. …