Search results for "dictator"
showing 10 items of 104 documents
Professor Dr Med Oskar Fehr: the fate of an outstanding German-Jewish ophthalmologist: an early contributor to cornea and external disease.
2014
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to recount the immense and abrupt change in the private and professional life of a prominent German-Jewish ophthalmologist in the transition from democracy to dictatorship in Germany during the first half of the 20th century. METHODS This involves a Retrospective analysis of Fehr's clinical and scientific work as the first assistant of Julius Hirschberg's world-famous eye clinic in Berlin; evaluation of Fehr's successful tenure as a chair of Virchow's Eye Hospital; the catastrophic influence of Hitler's seizure of power on the private and professional lives of German-Jewish physicians; and an analysis of Fehr's personal and professional will to continue the…
On Ibn Ezra's Procedure and Shapley Value
2014
We examine ibn Ezra's procedure (Rabinovitch 1973; O'Neill 1982) historically used to solve the Rights Arbitration problem in the general framework of bankruptcy problems. When the greatest claim is larger than or equal to the estate, the procedure is a maximal game (Aumann 2010). However, when the greatest claim is smaller than the estate, the axioms of efficiency (the whole estate is distributed) and satiation are difficult to satisfy simultaneously. We discuss both axioms to show that their importance and necessity are radically different. From then, for the part of the estate not covered by the greatest claim, we examine four possible procedures: the minimal overlap rule, Alcalde et al.…
Constructing the Centre from the Periphery
2003
During recent decades, scientific activity in the Spanish Enlightenment has attracted the attention of many historians of science. The policies of enlightened governments have been regarded as an important step in the process of modernisation of eighteenth-century Spanish society. At the beginning of that century, a new Bourbon dynasty was established in Spain and its policies have been regarded — mainly by conservative historians — as an attempt to introduce “foreign” ideas and practices into Spain. These policies have also been considered as a major effort to “modernise” a supposedly traditionalist country isolated from the rest of Europe and under the control of the powerful Catholic Chu…
The effects of personality, risk and other-regarding attitudes on trust and reciprocity
2022
Abstract This paper reports experimental results on the determinants of trust and reciprocity in the context of a genuinely sequential, binary Trust Game. Apart from behavior in the main experiment, subjects’ risk attitudes and inequality aversion are elicited, as well as the traits of neuroticism and agreeableness, captured through the five-factor model. The findings suggest that trustors’ (first movers) behavior is affected by their loss aversion, while trustees’ (second movers) reciprocal behavior is not explained by any of their other-regarding attitudes, but, rather, by their agreeableness.
1936. Frustrated Hopes: The Great Depression, the Second Republic and the Civil War
2020
The Great Depression was accompanied by the collapse of the monarchical regime and the establishment of a modern democracy with the Second Republic in April 1931. The new regime had to balance the importance of gaining domestic and international respectability (using orthodox fiscal and monetary policy) with efforts to shift towards a moderate protectionist policy, and enact land, labour and educational reforms. There were fierce confrontations from 1934 on, eventually culminating in a civil war in 1936. The consequences included a long-lasting impact on economic growth; autarky and interventionist policies; a huge loss of human capital; poverty and rising inequality; and a 40-year-long dic…
Spanish History in The Fairy Country: Dealing with Social Trauma in 'Pan's Labyrinth'
2014
Resumen: La celebrada El laberinto del fauno (Del Toro, 2006) pone en escena un cuento de hadas situado en los convulsos tiempos de la primera posguerra civil espanola. La critica ha senalado las dificultades para evaluar la conflictiva relacion entre historia y fantasia en el ambiguo final feliz de la pelicula, y ha tratado de relacionar la moraleja final con el trauma de la Guerra Civil. En este trabajo, preferimos leer el film a la luz de otro trauma social, el que marca el momento de su produccion. Si tenemos en cuenta que la Transicion de una dictadura fascista a una monarquia parlamentaria no ha sido abierta ni pacificamente debatida en las decadas siguientes y que cierto silencio sob…
Ley y democracia en la era del terrorismo
2013
Gradually, the law and state are funcional to defend the interest of status quo. We believed having seen anything before the disaster of Nuremberg, but we were wrong. Even United State defended racism inner-ward at time this power expanded the discourse of democracy beyond its boundaries. We strongly believe not only that the law is determined by economy but also the right paves the way for the upsurge of dictatorship. Whether the old democracy in Greece encouraged the possibility to derogate an unfair law if necessary, the Anglo democracy (functional to capitalism) today recycles sites and states in order to install a regime of consumption where the gap between representants and citizens a…
THE INFLUENCE OF CONTRARIANS AND OPPORTUNISTS ON THE STABILITY OF A DEMOCRACY IN THE SZNAJD MODEL
2004
Sznajd-Weron and Sznajd introduced a model investigating the democratic development in a closed community. This model is based on the USDF-principle ("united we stand, divided we fall"). However, it faces the problem that the system tends either to a dictatorship (i.e., 100% pro or 100% contra) or to a stalemate state (i.e., exactly 50% pro, 50% contra). Based on their model, I will show that a democratic system keeps alive due to the existence of both opportunists and persons in opposition.
¡La Enseñanza de la Historia sin mujeres! Género, currículum escolar y libros de texto: una relación problemática
2015
El objetivo de este artículo será primeramente analizar desde una perspectiva de género el tratamiento dispensado por los libros de texto de historia de secundaria y bachiller a un periodo concreto de nuestro pasado más reciente, como fue el franquismo. Posteriormente y ante la ausencia de la visión de género en los contenidos y explicaciones históricas de estos manuales sobre el desarrollo social, entendiendo por tal la evolución, el cambio, la permanencia y la duración de la sociedad, sus estructuras y sus miembros, formularemos una propuesta didáctica dirigida a bachiller al objeto de descifrar la historia de las mujeres durante el franquismo. The main objective of this article is to res…
A "imunidade soberana" de Pinochet contestada
2000
Um observador privilegiado e participante do processo que levou à quebra da "imunidade soberana" do ex-ditador chileno Augusto Pinochet expõe como e em nome do que isso ocorreu. A privileged observer of, as well as a participant in, the process that resulted in the breaking of the "sovereign immunity" of Chiles former dictator Augusto Pinochet tells how and in the name of what this happened.