Search results for "differentiation"

Influence of extracellular matrix proteins on the development of cultured human dendritic cells.

1998

The development of dendritic cells (DC) is still only partly understood. Recently established culture systems using CD34+ cells or monocytes as precursor cells for the generation of DC indicate the necessity of pro-inflammatory cytokines for their development. In vivo the contact to other cells or to the proteins of the extracellular matrix might also be essential for their development. In our experiments we used granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor- and IL-4-treated human monocytes as precursor cells to investigate the interaction of DC at different maturation stages with the matrix proteins fibronectin, collagen type I and collagen type IV. We demonstrate a strong beta1-integr…

Pro-inflammatory cytokines and prostaglandins induce maturation of potent immunostimulatory dendritic cells under fetal calf serum-free conditions.

1998

Culture conditions for human dendritic cells (DC) have been developed by several laboratories. Most of these culture methods, however, have used conditions involving fetal calf serum (FCS) to generate DC in the presence of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin (IL)-4. Recently, alternative culture conditions have been described using an additional stimulation with monocyte-conditioned medium (MCM) and FCS-free media to generate DC. As MCM is a rather undefined cocktail, the yield and quality of DC generated by these cultures varies substantially. We report that a defined cocktail of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, IL-1beta and IL-6 equals MCM in its potency to …

Transcription factors controlling development and function of innate lymphoid cells.

2014

Abstract Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are a heterogeneous group of lymphocytes, which play an important role in tissue homeostasis at epithelial surfaces. They are scarce in spleen and lymph nodes, but substantial numbers can be found in the intestinal mucosa even at steady state. There, they represent the first line of defence against invading pathogens and contribute to lymphorganogenesis, tissue repair and, when inappropriately activated, immune pathology. Lineage-specific development, function and maintenance of these cells depend on a restricted set of transcription factors that partially emerged as a result of diversification and selection during vertebrate evolution. The differential…

Production of functional IL-18 by different subtypes of murine and human dendritic cells (DC): DC-derived IL-18 enhances IL-12-dependent Th1 developm…

1998

IL-18 is a recently described cytokine that shares biological activities with IL-12 in driving the development of Th1-type T cells. As dendritic cells (DC) are very potent inducers of T cell proliferation and differentiation we wondered whether they utilize IL-18 as a factor driving Th1 development. We demonstrate by Northern blot and reverse transcription-PCR that various subtypes of human and murine DC as well as the DC-line XS contain IL-18 mRNA. When supernatants of either enriched Langerhans cells (LC) or bone marrow-derived DC were analyzed for production of IL-18 protein, IL-18 production was detected in an IL-18-specific ELISA. To assess whether the IL-18 protein released by DC is f…

Differential requirements for antigen or homeostatic cytokines for proliferation and differentiation of human Vgamma9Vdelta2 naive, memory and effect…

2005

We have compared four human subsets of Vgamma9Vdelta2 T cells, naive (T(naive), CD45RA(+)CD27(+)), central memory (T(CM), CD45RA(-)CD27(+)), effector memory (T(EM), CD45RA(-)CD27(-)) and terminally differentiated (T(EMRA), CD45RA(+)CD27(-)), for their capacity to proliferate and differentiate in response to antigen or homeostatic cytokines. Cytokine responsiveness and IL-15R expression were low in T(naive) cells and progressively increased from T(CM) to T(EM) and T(EMRA) cells. In contrast, the capacity to expand in response to antigen or cytokine stimulation showed a reciprocal pattern and was associated with resistance to cell death and Bcl-2 expression. Whereas antigen-stimulated cells a…

Extended characterization of human umbilical cord matrix mesenchymal stem cells: expression of novel markers, immunoregulatory molecules, and differe…

2009

Isolation and characterization of human extraembryonal mesoderm mesenchymal stem cells from umbilical cord

2007

Isolation and Culture of Oligodendrocytes

2019

Primary cultures of brain-derived rodent cells are widely used to study molecular and cellular mechanisms in neurobiology. In this chapter, we describe methods of purifying and culturing oligodendroglial cells from mouse perinatal brains. In addition, we describe methods of coculturing the purified oligodendrocytes with neurons. When prepared and cultured according to these protocols, many essential aspects of the biology of oligodendrocytes, such as their proliferation, differentiation, and myelination, can be studied in culture.

Wharton’s Jelly Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Preterm Umbilical Cords: Isolation, Characterization and Potential Use as Extrahepatic Progenitors

2014

Implementation of sparse forward mode automatic differentiation with application to electromagnetic shape optimization

2011

In this paper, we present the details of a simple lightweight implementation of the so-called sparse forward mode automatic differentiation (AD) in the C++programming language. Our implementation and the well-known ADOL-C tool (which utilizes taping and compression techniques) are used to compute Jacobian matrices of two nonlinear systems of equations from the MINPACK-2 test problem collection. Timings of the computations are presented and discussed. Moreover, we perform the shape sensitivity analysis of a time-harmonic Maxwell equation solver using our implementation and the tapeless mode of ADOL-C, which implements the dense forward mode AD. It is shown that the use of the sparse forward …