Search results for "dilemma"
showing 10 items of 116 documents
Effects of Suboptimally Presented Erotic Pictures on Moral Judgments: A Cross-Cultural Comparison.
2015
Previous research has identified a set of core factors that influence moral judgments. The present study addresses the interplay between moral judgments and four factors: (a) incidental affects, (b) sociocultural context, (c) type of dilemma, and (d) participant’s sex. We asked participants in two different countries (Colombia and Spain) to judge the acceptability of actions in response to personal and impersonal moral dilemmas. Before each dilemma an affective prime (erotic, pleasant or neutral pictures) was presented suboptimally. Our results show that: a) relative to neutral priming, erotic primes increase the acceptance of harm for a greater good (i.e., more utilitarian judgments), b) r…
Rational Choice Theory and the Environment: Variants, Applications, and New Trends
2010
Rational choice theory (RCT) is a research paradigm based on methodological individualism. Collective phenomena are explained by assumptions about the behavior of (subjectively) rational individual or corporate actors. In environmental research, RCT is used to predict ecological perceptions, attitudes and behavior on the micro level, and to shed light on environmental outcomes on the macro level. The most fundamental insight from RCT is that environmental problems are often the result of a social dilemma, that is, individuals’ purposive action leads to unintended negative collective consequences. This chapter addresses variants of RCT including game theory, shows applications in the field o…
Positive gender congruency effects on shopper responses:Field evidence from a gender egalitarian culture
2021
National audience; This field study examined how customer-employee interactions are affected by the congruency between an employee's gender and the perceived gender image of the consumption context in one of the most gender equal cultures in the world (Scandinavia). Mystery shoppers had a service encounter with an employee across a set of physical commercial settings that were classified according to their gender image. The mystery shoppers noted the gender of the employee, provided employee evaluations, and indicated word-of-mouth (WOM) ratings. Shoppers who had a gender congruent service encounter (e.g., a female employee in a “feminine” consumption context) reported more favorable employ…
Aidòs. Percorsi di etica del limite
2022
Come già Platone intuì con il mito di Protagora, la tecnica è figlia della finitezza. C’è tecnica, infatti, lì dove c’è bisogno di migliorare; ma lo stesso bisogno di migliorare è segno che non c’è ancora compimento. Nel crescente darsi da fare della tecnologia per strappare alla vita la sua imperfezione si nasconde così uno strano paradosso: lo scopo della tecnica non può che essere il proprio togliersi. Solo lì dove non ci sarà più tecnica, infatti, potrà esserci quella pienezza a cui l’uomo, tramite la tecnica, aspira. Ne consegue che il progresso qualitativo e quantitativo della tecnologia, lungi dall’avvicinarci gradualmente a un ultimo limite che sarà finalmente superato, è cifra di u…
Data Backup Dilemma
2016
When the Great East Japan Earthquake struck in 2011, several municipalities lost their residential data including backup. Since none of them had ever considered the total loss of data, data backup policy had been paid little attention. In many cases, the backup tapes were simply stored inside the server room, just beside the server rack. Following the calamity, the Japanese national government tried to introduce a data backup system to municipalities using the cloud. The purpose was to secure the safekeeping of backup data. However, municipalities were reluctant to go along with this since overcoming the loss of network connectivity during an earthquake remained foremost in their minds. The…
More planet and less profit? The ethical dilemma of an oil producing nation
2019
Every oil producing nation is confronted with a complex and fundamental ethical dilemma. On the one hand, there are moral arguments for the nation to use the petroleum resource for the benefit of society and make it available for countries who do not have this natural resource endowment. On the other hand, there are moral arguments for not extracting and using fossil fuels because of CO2 emissions. In short, this creates tension between the need for government revenues to finance welfare benefits and the objective of preserving the environment. A complicating factor is that a nation's domestic oil and gas activities are in its nature global because the activities have a direct impact on the…
A decision dilemma: Cushing syndrome during pregnancy.
2014
The rare presentation of Cushing syndrome during pregnancy prevents the use of established guidelines for management. A three-step dilemma challenges clinicians making this diagnosis: surveillance,...
Pool punishment in public goods games: How do sanctioners’ incentives affect us?
2021
Abstract Centralized sanctioning in social dilemmas has been shown to increase efficiency with respect to standard decentralized peer punishment. In this context, we explore the impact of sanctioners’ motivations through their payoff scheme, not only on their actions but also on the actions of the monitored individuals. To do so, we compare the implementation of two different payoff schemes for the monitor in a centralized sanctioning framework: (i) a fixed payoff scheme and (ii) a variable payoff scheme contingent on the level of cooperation achieved. We find that providing the sanctioner with a contingent payoff has a negative impact on contributions. This occurs although sanctioners impl…
SEA presidential address: Group connectivity and cooperation
2011
A model-free methodology is used for the first time to estimate a daily volatility index (VIBEX-NEW) for the Spanish financial market.We use a public data set of daily option prices to compute this index and showthat daily changes in VIBEXNEW display a negative, tight contemporaneous relationship with IBEX daily returns, contrary to other common volatility indicators, as an implied volatility indicator or a GARCH(1,1) conditional volatility model. This relationship is approximately symmetric to the sign on VIBEX-NEW changes and asymmetric to the IBEX-35 returns sign, which make it clearly a suitable volatility index for the Spanish stock market. We also examine the relationship between curr…
Atkārtotu pilsoņu karu izcelšanās: Kotdivuāras, Lībijas un Mali gadījumu analīze
2015
Maģistra darba uzdevums ir analizēt pilsoņu karu atkārtošanās iemeslus Kotdivuārā, Lībijā un Mali. Pētījuma centrā ir arguments, ka vāja institucionālā leģitimitāte, vāja trešo pušu iesaiste un sasteigts atbruņošanās, demobilizācijas un reintegrācijas process saasina drošības dilemmu starp konfliktējošām pusēm, kas noved pie atkārtota pilsoņa kara. Lai pierādītu autores argumentus, darba teorētiskā bāze tika balstīta uz pilsoņu karu teorijām, kas ir prakses vispārinājumi, kā arī uz drošības dilemmas koncepta aplūkošanu pilsoņu karu ietvaros. Kā analīzes metode ir fokusētā salīdzināšanas metode. Iegūtie rezultāti tika apkopoti secinājumos, un autore izvirzīja arī rekomendācijas tālākiem akad…