Search results for "disorders"
showing 10 items of 4560 documents
Spatial differences and temporal changes in illicit drug use in Europe quantified by wastewater analysis
2014
Aims To perform wastewater analyses to assess spatial differences and temporal changes of illicit drug use in a large European population. Design Analyses of raw wastewater over a 1-week period in 2012 and 2013. Setting and Participants Catchment areas of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) across Europe, as follows: 2012: 25 WWTPs in 11 countries (23 cities, total population 11.50 million); 2013: 47 WWTPs in 21 countries (42 cities, total population 24.74 million). Measurements Excretion products of five illicit drugs (cocaine, amphetamine, ecstasy, methamphetamine, cannabis) were quantified in wastewater samples using methods based on liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrom…
First-Episode Psychosis Patients Who Deteriorated in the Premorbid Period Do Not Have Higher Polygenic Risk Scores Than Others: A Cluster Analysis of…
2023
Abstract Cluster studies identified a subgroup of patients with psychosis whose premorbid adjustment deteriorates before the onset, which may reflect variation in genetic influence. However, other studies reported a complex relationship between distinctive patterns of cannabis use and cognitive and premorbid impairment that is worthy of consideration. We examined whether: (1) premorbid social functioning (PSF) and premorbid academic functioning (PAF) in childhood and adolescence and current intellectual quotient (IQ) define different clusters in 802 first-episode of psychosis (FEP) patients; resulting clusters vary in (2) polygenic risk scores (PRSs) for schizophrenia (SCZ_PRS), bipolar dis…
The Relationship Between Dissociative Experiences and Cannabis Use: a Systematic Review
2019
Purpose of Review This systematic review aimed to investigate the relation between cannabis use and dissociation. Recent Findings Four analytical and 14 descriptive cross-sectional studies were included. There is no variation in the rates of cannabis use among individuals with dissociative experiences compared with the general population. In addition, the prevalence of dissociative disorders in subjects using cannabis is not different from those not using cannabis. The majority of the studies employed inadequate sampling procedures and a concurrent or retrospective assessment of the two variables, which might have increased the risk of bias, and only a few of them controlled for potential c…
Psychological and metabolic risk factors in older adults with a previous history of eating disorder: A cross-sectional study from the Predimed-Plus s…
2021
Goals To explore affective and cognitive status, later in life, in individuals with and without previous history of eating disorder (ED), and also its association with higher risk for metabolic syndrome (MetS) symptomatology. Methods A cross-sectional analysis of 6756 adults, aged 55-75 years with overweight/obesity and MetS participating in the Predimed-Plus study was conducted. Participants completed self-reported questionnaires to examine lifetime history of ED, according to DSM-5 criteria, and other psychopathological and neurocognitive factors. Anthropometric and metabolic measurements were also collected. Results Of the whole sample, 24 individuals (0.35%) reported a previous history …
Membrane Transport of l-Arginine and Cationic Amino Acid Analogs
2000
Publisher Summary This chapter reviews the current knowledge of the mechanisms and regulation of cationic amino acids (CAA) carrier proteins and discusses the potential involvement of each transporter in supplying L-arginine for nitric oxide biosynthesis. The CAA L-arginine, the substrate for nitric oxide synthases (NOSs), is considered a semi-essential amino acid in most mammals. Consequently, mammalian cells must be capable of exchanging CAA with the environment. The bilayer of the plasma membrane is impermeable to polar molecules, and thus, specialized carrier proteins with distinct substrate specificity transport hydrophilic solutes such as amino acids. L-arginine shares the same transp…
Therapeutic use of omega-3 fatty acids in bipolar disorder
2011
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a severe, chronic affective disorder, associated with significant disability, morbidity and premature mortality. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) play several important roles in brain development and functioning. Evidence from animal models of dietary omega-3 (n-3) PUFA deficiency suggest that these fatty acids are relevant to promote brain development and to regulate behavioral and neurochemical aspects related to mood disorders, such as stress responses, depression and aggression, as well as dopaminergic content and function. Preclinical and clinical evidence suggests roles for PUFAs in BD. n-3 PUFAs seem to be an effective adjunctive treatment for unip…
Independent Generation of Aβ42 and Aβ38 Peptide Species by γ-Secretase
2008
Proteolytic processing of the amyloid precursor protein by beta- and gamma-secretase generates the amyloid-beta (Abeta) peptides, which are principal drug targets in Alzheimer disease therapeutics. gamma-Secretase has imprecise cleavage specificity and generates the most abundant Abeta40 and Abeta42 species together with longer and shorter peptides such as Abeta38. Several mechanisms could explain the production of multiple Abeta peptides by gamma-secretase, including sequential processing of longer into shorter Abeta peptides. A novel class of gamma-secretase modulators (GSMs) that includes some non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs has been shown to selectively lower Abeta42 levels withou…
Spermidine and morphogenesis in single cell cultures of Sideritis angustifolia lag.
1990
Abstract Single cells from hypocotyl-derived callus of Sideritis angustifolia were evaluated for morphogenesis when cultured in either solidifier or liquid Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with various concentrations of spermidine, naphthaeneacetic acid (NAA), benzyladenine (BA) and dicyclohexylamine (DCHA). Spermidine (Spd) did not replace the hormonal requirements for cell division and callus formation, but affected growth induced by NAA or BA. This polyamine increased the plating efficiency of cells cultured in the presence of NAA (0.05, 0.54 and 5.40 μM) or BA (0.40, 4.40 and 8.80 μM). In contrast, Spd reduced growth induced by 10.80 μM NAA, optimal auxin concentration for callus…
Novel Sortase A Inhibitors to Counteract Gram-Positive Bacterial Biofilms
2019
Sortase A (SrtA) is a membrane enzyme responsible for the covalent anchoring of surface proteins on the cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria. Nowadays it is considered an interesting target for the development of new anti-infective drugs which aim to interfere with important Gram-positive virulence mechanisms. Along the years, we studied the anti-staphylococcal and anti-biofilm activity of some natural and synthetic polyhalogenated pyrrolic compounds, called pyrrolomycins. Some of them were active on Gram-positive pathogens at a μg/mL range of concentration (1.5-0.045 μg/mL) and showed a biofilm inhibition in the range of 50-80%. [1-3] In light of these encouraging results, herein we present…
Evidence of the Gluten-Free and Casein-Free Diet in Autism Spectrum Disorders
2014
In autism spectrum disorders, many parents resort to alternative treatments and these are generally perceived as risk free. Among these, the most commonly used is the gluten-free, casein-free diet. The objective of this work was to conduct a systematic review of studies published from 1970 to date related to the gluten-free, casein-free diet in autism spectrum disorder patients. Few studies can be regarded as providing sound scientific evidence since they were blinded randomized controlled trials, and even these were based on small sample sizes, reducing their validity. We observed that the evidence on this topic is currently limited and weak. We recommend that it should be only used after…