Search results for "driving"
showing 10 items of 217 documents
Direct ELISA kits as a sensitive and selective screening method for abstinence control in urine.
2011
In 2009 cutoff values of assessment criteria to testify abstinence control in order to estimate driving ability were standardized in Germany. The cutoff values are lower than required in existing guidelines like SAMHSA and there is critical discussion about detection of low concentrations by using immunoassay, especially concerning amphetamines in urine (50 ng/ml). In this study Direct ELISA kits were tested for their applicability to identify the absence of amphetamines, cannabinoids, opiates, cocaine, methadone and benzodiazepines in urine. Results were confirmed by LC/MS or GC/MS analyses. Sensitivity, specificity, predictive values (positive as well as negative) and overall misclassific…
Artificial driving cycles for the evaluation of energetic needs of electric vehicles
2012
International audience; This article presents a novel method to simulate artificial driving cycles that have the same significant characteristics as measured driving cycles. The driving cycles are based on only two different easily accessible parameters namely mean velocity and mean positive acceleration as well as their standard variations. Those parameters allow to adapt the driving cycles to different cycle types (urban, extra urban, highway), length and duration. Other than know drive cycle simulators, the approach is based on normal distribution of velocities and accelerations, thus needing to analyze only few cycles for the initialization.
How do normalization schemes affect net spillovers? A replication of the Diebold and Yilmaz (2012) study
2019
Abstract This paper replicates the Diebold and Yilmaz (2012) study on the connectedness of the commodity market and three other financial markets: the stock market, the bond market, and the FX market, based on the Generalized Forecast Error Variance Decomposition, GEFVD. We show that the net spillover indices (of directional connectedness), used to assess the net contribution of one market to overall risk in the system, are sensitive to the normalization scheme applied to the GEFVD. We show that, considering data generating processes characterized by different degrees of persistence and covariance, a scalar-based normalization of the Generalized Forecast Error Variance Decomposition is pref…
A Planning and Control System for Self-Driving Racing Vehicles
2018
Autonomous robots will soon enter our everyday life as self-driving cars. These vehicles are designed to behave according to certain sets of cooperative rules, such as traffic ones, and to respond to events that might be unpredictable in their occurrence but predictable in their nature, such as a pedestrian suddenly crossing a street, or another car losing control. As civilian autonomous cars will cross the road, racing autonomous cars are under development, which will require superior Artificial Intelligence Drivers to perform in structured but uncertain conditions. We describe some preliminary results obtained during the development of a planning and control system as key elements of an A…
Predictive Energy Management for Hybrid Vehicles Based on Driving Cycle Recognition
2017
International audience; This article presents a novel approach to design an optimum energy management for a series plug-in hybrid electric vehicle based on driving cycle recognition. Thanks to an intensive study of driver habits, an important part of cycles is predictable. Optimized energy management can be developed for representative cycles via DP. Those results can be applied to the same cycle with slight adaptations thereafter with quality factors above 98%.
Cumbersome but desirable—Breaking the code of everyday cycling
2020
IntroductionCycling for transport could integrate physical activity (PA) into daily routines and potentially increase total PA levels. However, for parents with young children, most factors affecting transport mode choice tend to facilitate car use. Greater insight is necessary into reasons for (not) using sustainable transport modes in parents with young children. Therefore, the objective of this study was to explore the experiences, including motives, perceptions, attitudes, and norms, of parents of young children by using an e-bike, a longtail bike, and a traditional bike for everyday travel to the workplace, kindergarten, and the grocery store during the autumn, winter, and spring, in n…
Los infractores de tráfico persistentes: el consumo de alcohol y la personalidad como predictores de la retirada del permiso de conducir
2020
ABSTRACT Traffic safety is an important social problem. Many accidents are due to non-compliance with traffic regulations. Serious or repeated offenses are sanctioned with penalty points or court conviction, and sanctions can lead to disqualification from driving. This paper explores the relevance of alcohol consumption and personality factors as predictors of driving disqualification. The aim of the study is to determine whether the behaviors of persistent offenders and their propensity for law-breaking are related to their characteristics and patterns of drinking. A sample of 358 drivers participated in the study: 126 non-offender habitual drivers and 232 persistent traffic offenders disq…
Persistent traffic offenders: alcohol consumption and personality as predictors of driving disqualification
2019
ABSTRACT Traffic safety is an important social problem. Many accidents are due to non-compliance with traffic regulations. Serious or repeated offenses are sanctioned with penalty points or court conviction, and sanctions can lead to disqualification from driving. This paper explores the relevance of alcohol consumption and personality factors as predictors of driving disqualification. The aim of the study is to determine whether the behaviors of persistent offenders and their propensity for law-breaking are related to their characteristics and patterns of drinking. A sample of 358 drivers participated in the study: 126 non-offender habitual drivers and 232 persistent traffic offenders disq…
Transitionless quantum driving in open quantum systems
2014
Abstract We extend the concept of superadiabatic dynamics, or transitionless quantum driving, to quantum open systems whose evolution is governed by a master equation in the Lindblad form. We provide the general framework needed to determine the control strategy required to achieve superadiabaticity. We apply our formalism to two examples consisting of a two-level system coupled to environments with time-dependent bath operators.
Optimizing Fuel Consumption and Pollutant Emissions of a Spark Ignition Engine for Eco-driving Applications
2018
VPPC 2018, Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference, Chicago, ETATS-UNIS, 27-/08/2018 - 30/08/2018; The transportation sector is a major contributor to both air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. While optimizing fuel consumption reduces CO2 emissions, it can increase fuel-rich operation and cause higher HC and CO emissions. A simplified emissions model is thus introduced in order to account for the impact of air/fuel ratio on both the exhaust concentration of regulated pollutants and the catalyst efficiency. This model is used to solve the eco-driving problem with dynamic programming and a weighted objective function. An emission-centered and a consumption-centered scenario are compare…