Search results for "epigenetic"

IL-1b induces DNA demethylation, at genome level and in specific CpG sites of IL-6 and IL-8 genes in human intestinal epithelial cells

2015

Inflammation is a complex physiological response that requires the activity of a sophisticated regulatory network involving the activation of specific genes for defense, tissue repair and remodeling. Although transcriptional activation has been shown to be critical in the regulation of inflammatory genes (1) the role of epigenetic phenomena in the modulation of the inflammatory response is now emerging (2). Specifically, it has been recently reported that proinflammatory stimuli induce DNA demethylation in the interleukin IL-1 promoter of human articular chondrocytes (3). IL-1 cytokine, among several proinflammatory agents, represents an essential player in the inflammatory conditions of …

DNA Methylation and Non-Coding RNAs during Tissue-Injury Associated Pain.

2022

While about half of the population experience persistent pain associated with tissue damages during their lifetime, current symptom-based approaches often fail to reduce such pain to a satisfactory level. To provide better patient care, mechanism-based analgesic approaches must be developed, which necessitates a comprehensive understanding of the nociceptive mechanism leading to tissue injury-associated persistent pain. Epigenetic events leading the altered transcription in the nervous system are pivotal in the maintenance of pain in tissue injury. However, the mechanisms through which those events contribute to the persistence of pain are not fully understood. This review provides a summar…

Resistance of Cancer Stem Cells to Cell-Mediated Immune Responses

2015

In the past decades, the hierarchical organization of tumors, governed by Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs), have been reported with regard to several tumor types. Advances in sequencing technologies have demonstrated that diverse genetic CSCs subclones, derived from the branching evolution, compete with each other within the tumor mass, thereby contributing to the functional heterogeneity. It is becoming increasingly clear that epigenetic modifications and microenvironmental influences are important determinants of tumor fitness resulting in disease progression, recurrence and reduced patient survival. Therefore, more effective therapies will require gaining insights into the role of genetic and no…

Demonstration of a Role for Dot1l In MLL-Rearranged Leukemia Using a Conditional Loss of Function Model

2010

Abstract Abstract 62 Leukemias associated with translocations of the Mixed Lineage Leukemia (MLL) gene account for a significant percentage of both AML and ALL, and often carry a poor prognosis. The exact molecular mechanisms by which MLL-fusion proteins transform cells are incompletely understood. One proposed model involves the aberrant activation of transcriptional programs through epigenetic changes that ultimately lead to leukemogenesis. The histone 3 lysine 79 (H3K79) methyltransferase Dot1l has been shown to be recruited by the most common MLL fusion proteins, and MLL fusion protein target loci are associated with H3K79 methylation (H3K79me2/3) in mouse models and MLL-rearranged huma…

Induced Pluripotent Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Clones Retain Donor-derived Differences in DNA Methylation Profiles

2012

Reprogramming of somatic cells into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) is an epigenetic phenomenon. It has been suggested that iPSC retain some tissue-specific memory whereas little is known about interindividual epigenetic variation. We have reprogrammed mesenchymal stromal cells from human bone marrow (iP-MSC) and compared their DNA methylation profiles with initial MSC and embryonic stem cells (ESCs) using high-density DNA methylation arrays covering more than 450,000 CpG sites. Overall, DNA methylation patterns of iP-MSC and ESC were similar whereas some CpG sites revealed highly significant differences, which were not related to parental MSC. Furthermore, hypermethylation in iP-MSC…

Reproductive medicine and inheritance of infertility by offspring: the role of fetal programming.

2011

Objective To summarize the molecular processes involved in fetal programming, to describe how assisted reproduction technologies (ART) may affect the epigenetic pattern of the embryo, and to highlight the current knowledge of the role of perinatal events in the subsequent development of reproductive pathology affecting infertile patients. Design A literature review of fetal programming of adulthood gynecologic diseases and ART. A Medline search was performed with the following keywords: (fetal programming OR epigenetics OR methylation OR acetylation) AND (IVF OR ART) AND (gynecology). Articles up to October 2010 were selected. Articles and recent reviews were classified by human and animals…

Ovulation induction and epigenetic anomalies

2013

In this systematic review of ovulation induction and epigenetic control, studies mainly done in the mouse model highlight how hormone treatments may be prejudicial to the epigenetic reprogramming of gametes as well as early embryos. Moreover, the hormone protocols used in assisted reproduction may also modify the physiologic environment of the uterus, a potential link to endometrial epigenetic disturbances. At present, the few available data in humans are insufficient to allow us to independently determine the impact of a woman's age and infertility problems and treatment protocols and hormone doses on such processes as genomic imprinting.

Age-Related Inflammation: the Contribution of Different Organs, Tissues and Systems. How to Face it for Therapeutic Approaches

2010

A typical feature of ageing is a chronic, low-grade inflammation characterized by a general increase in the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and inflammatory markers ("inflamm-ageing"). This status may slowly damage one or several organs, especially when unfavorable genetic polymorphisms and epigenetic alterations are concomitant, leading to an increased risk of frailty together with the onset of age-related chronic diseases. The contribution of different tissues (adipose tissue, muscle), organs (brain, liver), immune system and ecosystems (gut microbiota) to age-related inflammation ("inflamm-ageing") will be discussed in this review in the context of its onset/progression leading …

Ischemic Stroke Pathogenesis: Genetics, Epigenetics and Inflammation

2020

Protective effects of melatonin in inflamed intestinal epithelium are associated with reduced NF-κB activation and changes in DNA methylation status

2018

Melatonin is the main product of the pineal gland but is also released in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Production of melatonin at GIT is independent of the photoperiod and contributes almost completely to plasma melatonin concentration during daylight hours. The physiological role of melatonin at GIT is poorly characterized but recently anti-inflammatory effects have been reported. In this study, we evaluated the effect of Melatonin in intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) stimulated by Interleukin-1β. Our results clearly show that melatonin at micromolar concentrations inhibits the inflammatory response in IEC. The protective effect is expressed through a marked decrease in release and ex…