Search results for "equation"

showing 10 items of 4219 documents

Linear Diophantine Problems

1996

The Frobenius number g(A k ) Let A k \({A_k} = \{ {a_1},...,{a_k}\}\subset\) IN with gcd(A k ) = 1, n\( \in I{N_0}.\) If $$n = \sum\limits_{i = 1}^k {{x_i}{a_i},{x_i}}\in I{N_0}$$ (1) we call this a representation or a g-representation of n by Ak (in order to distinguish between several types of representations that will be considered in the sequel). Then the Frobenius number g(A k ) is the greatest integer with no g-representation.

CombinatoricsIntegerDiophantine equationOrder (ring theory)Representation (mathematics)Mathematics
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Convergence of Markov Chains

2020

We consider a Markov chain X with invariant distribution π and investigate conditions under which the distribution of X n converges to π as n→∞. Essentially it is necessary and sufficient that the state space of the chain cannot be decomposed into subspaces that the chain does not leave, or that are visited by the chain periodically; e.g., only for odd n or only for even n.

CombinatoricsMarkov chain mixing timeMarkov chainChain (algebraic topology)Markov renewal processBalance equationAdditive Markov chainMarkov propertyExamples of Markov chainsMathematics
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An algorithm for the solution of tree equations

1997

We consider the problem of solving equations over k-ary trees. Here an equation is a pair of labeled α-ary trees, where α is a function associating an arity to each label. A solution to an equation is a morphism from α-ary trees to k-ary trees that maps the left and right hand side of the equation to the same k-ary tree.

CombinatoricsMorphismBinary treeBranch and boundSearch algorithmTree (set theory)Function (mathematics)ArityComputer Science::Information TheoryMathematicsEquation solving
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Direct Evaluation of Path Integrals

2001

Every time τ n is assigned a point y n . We now connect the individual points with a classical path y(τ). y(τ) is not necessarily the (on-shell trajectory) extremum of the classical action. It can be any path between τ n and τn−1 specified by the classical Lagrangian \(L(y,\dot{y},t).\)

CombinatoricsPath (topology)PhysicsFree particlePhase factorsymbols.namesakePath integral formulationTrajectorysymbolsHarmonic oscillatorAction (physics)Schrödinger equation
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Action-Angle Variables

2001

In the following we will assume that the Hamiltonian does not depend explicitly on time; ∂H/∂t = 0. Then we know that the characteristic function W(q i , P i ) is the generator of a canonical transformation to new constant momenta P i , (all Q i , are ignorable), and the new Hamiltonian depends only on the P i ,: H = K = K(P i ). Besides, the following canonical equations are valid: $$ \dot Q_i = \frac{{\partial K}} {{\partial P_i }} = v_i = const. $$ (1) $$ \dot P_i = \frac{{\partial K}} {{\partial Q_i }} = 0. $$ (2)

CombinatoricsPhysicssymbols.namesakeCanonical variablePhase spaceKepler problemsymbolsCanonical transformationAction-angle coordinatesAction variableTransformation equationHamiltonian (quantum mechanics)
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Doubly nonlinear equations with unbounded operators

2004

Abstract The solvability of the evolution system v′(t)+ B (t)u(t)∋ f (t),v(t)∈ A (t)u(t) , 0 A (t) are bounded, possibly degenerate, subdifferentials and B (t) are unbounded subdifferentials.

CombinatoricsPure mathematicsNonlinear systemApplied MathematicsBounded functionEvolution equationDegenerate energy levelsInitial value problemSubderivativeAnalysisMathematicsNonlinear Analysis: Theory, Methods & Applications
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Asymptotics for the multiplicities in the cocharacters of some PI-algebras

2003

We consider associative PI-algebras over a field of characteristic zero. We study the asymptotic behavior of the sequence of multiplicities of the cocharacters for some significant classes of algebras. We also give a characterization of finitely generated algebras for which this behavior is linear or quadratic.

CombinatoricsQuadratic equationApplied MathematicsGeneral MathematicsPiMultiplicity (mathematics)Finitely-generated abelian groupAssociative propertyMathematicsProceedings of the American Mathematical Society
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Product Integration for Weakly Singular Integral Equations In ℝm

1985

In this note we discuss the numerical solution of the second kind Fredholm integral equation: $$ y(t) = f(t) + \lambda \int\limits_{\Omega } {{{\psi }_{\alpha }}(|t - s|)g(t,s)y(s)ds,\;t \in \bar{\Omega },} $$ (1) Where \( \lambda \in ;\not{ \subset }\backslash \{ 0\} \) , the functions f,g are given and continuous, |.| denotes the Euclidean norm, and φα, 0 \alpha > 0} \\ {\left\{ {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}} {\ln (r),} & {j = 0} \\ {{{r}^{{ - j}}}} & {j > 0} \\ \end{array} } \right\},\alpha = m} \\ \end{array} ,} \right. $$ with Cj not depending on r. Here Ω _ is the closure of a bounded domain Ω⊂ℝm.

CombinatoricsRegular singular pointClosure (mathematics)Product integrationImproper integralDomain (ring theory)Mathematical analysisSingular integralSummation equationOmegaMathematics
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The Structure Group and the Permutation Group of a Set-Theoretic Solution of the Quantum Yang–Baxter Equation

2021

We describe the left brace structure of the structure group and the permutation group associated to an involutive, non-degenerate set-theoretic solution of the quantum YangBaxter equation by using the Cayley graph of its permutation group with respect to its natural generating system. We use our descriptions of the additions in both braces to obtain new properties of the structure and the permutation groups and to recover some known properties of these groups in a more transparent way.

CombinatoricsSet (abstract data type)Cayley graphYang–Baxter equationGroup (mathematics)Mathematics::Quantum AlgebraGeneral MathematicsStructure (category theory)Permutation groupMatemàticaQuantumMathematicsMediterranean Journal of Mathematics
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Co-jumps and Markov Counting Systems in Random Environments

2020

Motivated by the analysis of multi-strain infectious disease data, we provide closed-form transition rates for continuous-time Markov chains that arise from subjecting Markov counting systems to correlated environmental noises. Noise correlation induces co-jumps or counts that occur simultaneously in several counting processes. Such co-jumps are necessary and sufficient for infinitesimal correlation between counting processes of the system. We analyzed such infinitesimal correlation for a specific infectious disease model by randomizing time of Kolmogorov’s Backward system of differential equations based on appropriate stochastic integrals.

CombinatoricsSystem of differential equationsMarkov chainInfinitesimalStatistical physicsNoise correlationMathematics
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