Search results for "evidence"
showing 10 items of 1050 documents
Nutraceuticals and functional foods for the control of plasma cholesterol levels. An intersociety position paper
2018
Current evidence shows that cholesterol management either reduces the likelihood of cardiovascular disease (CVD) or slows down its progression. Hence, it is important that all health professionals make appropriate use of all the available intervention strategies to control risk factors: from dietary improvement and positive lifestyle changes to the use of functional foods, food supplements, and drugs. This review examines the effect of the most frequently occurring cholesterol-lowering substances in functional foods or in supplements across Europe, namely plant sterols and stanols, monacolin K found in red yeast rice, berberine and beta-glucans. We conclude that currently available suppleme…
Working towards an international consensus on criteria for assessing internet gaming disorder: a critical commentary on Petry et al. (2014).
2016
This commentary paper critically discusses the recent debate paper by Petry et al. (2014) that argued there was now an international consensus for assessing Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD). Our collective opinions vary considerably regarding many different aspects of online gaming. However, we contend that the paper by Petry and colleagues does not provide a true and representative international community of researchers in this area. This paper critically discusses and provides commentary on (i) the representativeness of the international group that wrote the ‘consensus’ paper, and (ii) each of the IGD criteria. The paper also includes a brief discussion on initiatives that could be taken to…
Weakening Forensic Science in Spain: From Expert Evidence to Documentary Evidence*
2012
An amendment in 2002 to the Spanish Code of Criminal Procedure converted into documentary evidence the expert reports prepared by official laboratories aimed at determining the nature, weight, and purity of seized drugs. In most cases, experts are spared from appearance before the courts. This is likely to be extended to other forensic fields. After an overview of criminalistic identification in current forensic science, the objectivity and reliability concepts used by jurists and scientists are considered by comparing the paradigm of individualization with that of likelihood. Subsequently, a detailed critical study is made on the above-mentioned Spanish legal reform, and a comparison is ma…
Communication of Science Advice to Government
2015
There are various ways to construct good processes for soliciting and understanding science. Our critique of advisory models finds that a well-supported chief science advisor (CSA) best ensures the provision of deliberative, informal, and emergency advice to government. Alternatively, bias, increasingly manifest as science-based advocacy, can hinder communication, diminish credibility, and distort scientific evidence.
The Social Side of Consumerism
2014
In the old consumerism paradigm there has been a clear cut distinction between business organizations (producers) and customers (consumers). The advent of Social Software Platforms (SSP), such as online social networks, is destabilizing this duality. SSP provide business organizations with the infrastructure to extend beyond organizational boundaries and establish network ties with their customers with the purpose to include the customer in the value creation process. The chapter reports on the findings of a mixed-methods study. The study describes how major German airports profit economically from online consumerism, i.e. collaborative conversation with passengers, while focusing on the SS…
Assessment of Observational Evidence for Direct Convective Hydration of the Lower Stratosphere
2020
In situ and remote sensing observations of water vapor are analyzed to assess the evidence for direct convective hydration of the lower stratosphere. We have examined several hundred balloon-borne and airborne in situ measurements of lower stratospheric humidity in the tropics and northern midlatitudes. We find that the tropical lower stratospheric H2O enhancements above the background occur quite infrequently, and the height of the enhancements is within about 1 km of the cold-point tropopause. Following Schwartz et al. (2013, https://doi.org/10.1002/grl.50421), we examine the anomalously high (above 8 ppmv) water vapor mixing ratios retrieved by the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) at 10…
Opening the gates or coping with the flow? Governing access to higher education in Northern and Central Europe
2014
Published version of an article in the journal: Higher Education. Also available from the publisher at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10734-014-9830-1 Access to higher education has become a key policy issue in most European countries in since the last half of the last century. We trace the historical development of the ways in which governments in two countries within the region, Norway and Poland, have attempted to steer developments. Three access waves or phases are identified and contextualized, by illuminating dominant policy logics and tensions. Our analysis suggests that “coping with the flow” reflects a continuous attempt to instrumentalize higher education and make it serve different …
Anxiety, coping strategies, and the processing of threatening information: Investigations with cognitive-experimental paradigms
2011
Abstract This review treats individual differences in anxiety and coping from several perspectives. It starts with the argument that structural considerations (often linked to trait concepts) and processing considerations (often linked to situational demands and actual behavior) are not fundamentally in opposition, but that global and uncontextualized trait concepts (e.g., trait anxiety) require revision to incorporate cognitive–affective units such as appraisals, goals, or self-regulatory competencies (cf. Mischel, 2004 ). The article then presents a personality-oriented coping theory (the model of coping modes; MCM; Hock and Krohne, 2004 , Krohne, 1993 , Krohne, 2003 ) which attempts to i…
Familial hypercholesterolæmia in children and adolescents: Gaining decades of life by optimizing detection and treatment
2015
Contains fulltext : 155263.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access) Familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) is a common genetic cause of premature coronary heart disease (CHD). Globally, one baby is born with FH every minute. If diagnosed and treated early in childhood, individuals with FH can have normal life expectancy. This consensus paper aims to improve awareness of the need for early detection and management of FH children. Familial hypercholesterolaemia is diagnosed either on phenotypic criteria, i.e. an elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) level plus a family history of elevated LDL-C, premature coronary artery disease and/or genetic diagnosis, or positive genetic testin…
Knowledge expectations of recently diagnosed patients with knee osteoarthritis.
2016
Aim The aim of this study was to assess the socio-demographic and disease-related symptoms and emotions and knowledge expectations of patients recently diagnosed with knee osteoarthritis. A further aim was to determine associations between selected demographic variables and patients' expected knowledge. Background Patient counselling and information provision are recommended for all patients with knee osteoarthritis. In healthcare centres, there is a good possibility to establish the knowledge expectations of patients with knee osteoarthritis during counselling. Recent empirical evidence indicates a lack of research on knowledge expectations among recently diagnosed patients with knee osteo…