Search results for "evolutionary"

Distributed multi-objective optimization methods for shape design using evolutionary algorithms and game strategies

2012

Progreso, complejidad y evolución

2020

Ensayos en honor de Eloy Rada. [ES]: El progreso biológico es un tema ampliamente debatido en biología evolutiva que tiene partidarios y detractores. Sin embargo, no es una cuestión, a pesar de su importancia, de la que podamos afirmar que está resuelta desde el punto de vista científico. En este trabajo presento un análisis del concepto basado en la teoría de la evolución por selección natural, sus paralelismos con el también debatido concepto de “progreso” en la historia de la humanidad y, finalmente, se intenta orientarlo hacia formas accesibles a la investigación científica. Para ello, en lugar del concepto de progreso, recurro al de “complejidad biológica”. Si tenemos formas de medirla…

The logic of forms in the light of developmental biology and palaeontology.

2010

11 pages; If you ask palaeontologists, and indeed anyone interested in the theory of evolution, for the key words that encapsulate it, you will obtain the following results: adaptation, natural selection, speciation, but also ontogeny and phylogeny. The first three key words apply to the future of the individual and by extension to the future of the species: we are therefore dealing with adults of a reproductive age. The two other key words concern (i) the evolution of the morphology from the egg to the adult (individual ontogeny: short timescale) and especially what goes on in the black box called embryogenesis, and (ii) the modification of ontogenetic sequences over time, resulting in cha…

An improved version of the Atlantic cod genome and advancements in functional genomics: implications for the future of cod farming

2016

Abstract Recent advancements within state-of-the-art genomic tools and the generation of the first version of the Atlantic cod genome (Star et al., 2011) have proven to be valuable resources, improving our understanding of this species’ biology. In this chapter we describe some aspects and implications of using these resources to identify genes and molecular pathways involved in Atlantic cod growth and development, as well as responses to nutritional changes, pathogens and other immune stimuli, and environmental stressors (e.g., temperature, stress, or pollutants). Additionally, we highlight the immunological puzzle of the Atlantic cod that lacks components of the adaptive immune system pre…

The evolution and changing ecology of the African hominid oral microbiome

2021

Significance The microbiome plays key roles in human health, but little is known about its evolution. We investigate the evolutionary history of the African hominid oral microbiome by analyzing dental biofilms of humans and Neanderthals spanning the past 100,000 years and comparing them with those of chimpanzees, gorillas, and howler monkeys. We identify 10 core bacterial genera that have been maintained within the human lineage and play key biofilm structural roles. However, many remain understudied and unnamed. We find major taxonomic and functional differences between the oral microbiomes of Homo and chimpanzees but a high degree of similarity between Neanderthals and modern humans, incl…

Comparative Genomics of Blattabacterium cuenoti: The Frozen Legacy of an Ancient Endosymbiont Genome

2013

Many insect species have established long-term symbiotic relationships with intracellular bacteria. Symbiosis with bacteria has provided insects with novel ecological capabilities, which have allowed them colonize previously unexplored niches. Despite its importance to the understanding of the emergence of biological complexity, the evolution of symbiotic relationships remains hitherto a mystery in evolutionary biology. In this study, we contribute to the investigation of the evolutionary leaps enabled by mutualistic symbioses by sequencing the genome of Blattabacterium cuenoti, primary endosymbiont of the omnivorous cockroach Blatta orientalis, and one of the most ancient symbiotic associa…

An adaptive prudent-daring evolutionary algorithm for noise handling in on-line PMSM drive design

2007

This paper studies the problem of the optimal control design of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drives taking into account the noise due to sensors and measurement devices. The problem is analyzed by means of an experimental approach which considers noisy data returned by the real plant (on-line). In other words, each fitness evaluation does not come from a computer but from a real laboratory experiment. In order to perform the optimization notwithstanding presence of the noise, this paper proposes an Adaptive Prudent- Daring Evolutionary Algorithm (APDEA). The APDEA is an evolutionary algorithm with a dynamic parameter setting. Furthermore, the APDEA employs a dynamic penalty ter…

Emergence and Phylodynamics of Citrus tristeza virus in Sicily, Italy

2013

Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) outbreaks were detected in Sicily island, Italy for the first time in 2002. To gain insight into the evolutionary forces driving the emergence and phylogeography of these CTV populations, we determined and analyzed the nucleotide sequences of the p20 gene from 108 CTV isolates collected from 2002 to 2009. Bayesian phylogenetic analysis revealed that mild and severe CTV isolates belonging to five different clades (lineages) were introduced in Sicily in 2002. Phylogeographic analysis showed that four lineages co-circulated in the main citrus growing area located in Eastern Sicily. However, only one lineage (composed of mild isolates) spread to distant areas of Sici…

Genetic variability and evolutionary analysis of parietaria mottle virus: role of selection and genetic exchange

2015

[EN] The genetic variability and evolution of parietaria mottle virus (PMoV) of the genus Ilarvirus was studied by analyzing nucleotide sequences of 2b and CP genes from isolates collected in different countries. Phylogenetic analysis showed that PMoV isolates clustered in different clades: one (clade I) composed of only Italian isolates and three clades (clades II-IV) including the Spanish isolates. The Greek isolate GrT-1 used in this study was in clade IV for the CP phylogenetic tree whereas it formed a separate branch in the 2b phylogenetic tree. The nucleotide sequence diversity of both the 2b and CP genes was low (0.062 +/- A 0.006 and 0.063 +/- A 0.006 for 2b and CP, respectively) bu…

Demonstration of background rejection using deep convolutional neural networks in the NEXT experiment

2021

[EN] Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are widely used state-of-the-art computer vision tools that are becoming increasingly popular in high-energy physics. In this paper, we attempt to understand the potential of CNNs for event classification in the NEXT experiment, which will search for neutrinoless double-beta decay in Xe-136. To do so, we demonstrate the usage of CNNs for the identification of electron-positron pair production events, which exhibit a topology similar to that of a neutrinoless double-beta decay event. These events were produced in the NEXT-White high-pressure xenon TPC using 2.6 MeV gamma rays from a Th-228 calibration source. We train a network on Monte Carlo-simulat…