Search results for "fat"

IMPACT OF NON-ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE ON CARDIOVASCULAR RISK IN A GENERAL POPULATION

2019

Background: Background:Nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) is a major cause of liver disease worldwide leading also to a higher risk of cardiovascular events. We aimed to evaluate the impact of fatty liver and fibrosis on cardiovascular risk factors in a general population. Methods: 604 subjects included in the community-based ABCD (Alimentazione, Benessere Cardiovascolare e Diabete) study were recruited. Steatosis (CAP >288 dB/m) and fibrosis (> 8.7 KPa by M and > 7.2 KPa by XL probe) were assessed with FibroScan Cardiovascular risk was evaluated by the Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease (ASCVD) risk estimator and de ned low if <5%, borderline if 5%-7 4%, intermediate if 7-9% a…

Adipose Stromal/Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: Potential Next-Generation Anti-Obesity Agents

2022

Over the last decade, several compounds have been identified for the treatment of obesity. However, due to the complexity of the disease, many pharmacological interventions have raised concerns about their efficacy and safety. Therefore, it is important to discover new factors involved in the induction/progression of obesity. Adipose stromal/stem cells (ASCs), which are mostly isolated from subcutaneous adipose tissue, are the primary cells contributing to the expansion of fat mass. Like other cells, ASCs release nanoparticles known as extracellular vesicles (EVs), which are being actively studied for their potential applications in a variety of diseases. Here, we focused on the importance …

Anthropometric Indicators as a Tool for Diagnosis of Obesity and Other Health Risk Factors: A Literature Review

2021

[EN] Obesity is characterized by the accumulation of an excessive amount of fat mass (FM) in the adipose tissue, subcutaneous, or inside certain organs. The risk does not lie so much in the amount of fat accumulated as in its distribution. Abdominal obesity (central or visceral) is an important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and cancer, having an important role in the so-called metabolic syndrome. Therefore, it is necessary to prevent, detect, and appropriately treat obesity. The diagnosis is based on anthropometric indices that have been associated with adiposity and its distribution. Indices themselves, or a combination of some of them, conform to a big picture with di…

MAFLD vs NAFLD: Let the contest begin!

2020

Impact of Obesity in Kidney Diseases.

2021

The clinical consequences of obesity on the kidneys, with or without metabolic abnormalities, involve both renal function and structures. The mechanisms linking obesity and renal damage are well understood, including several effector mechanisms with interconnected pathways. Higher prevalence of urinary albumin excretion, sub-nephrotic syndrome, nephrolithiasis, increased risk of developing CKD, and progression to ESKD have been identified as being associated with obesity and having a relevant clinical impact. Moreover, renal replacement therapy and kidney transplantation are also influenced by obesity. Losing weight is key in limiting the impact that obesity produces on the kidneys by reduc…

Taste of Fat and Obesity: Different Hypotheses and Our Point of View

2022

Obesity results from a temporary or prolonged positive energy balance due to an alteration in the homeostatic feedback of energy balance. Food, with its discriminative and hedonic qualities, is a key element of reward-based energy intake. An alteration in the brain reward system for highly palatable energy-rich foods, comprised of fat and carbohydrates, could be one of the main factors involved in the development of obesity by increasing the attractiveness and consumption of fat-rich foods. This would induce, in turn, a decrease in the taste of fat. A better understanding of the altered reward system in obesity may open the door to a new era for the diagnosis, management and treatment of th…

Perception oro-sensorielle des lipides alimentaires et obésité

2016

International audience; The gustation is a dynamic system able to rapid physiological adaptations in response to on-going environmental changes that characterize our feed (rhythm, quality, quantity). Based on the modulation of taste sensitivity thresholds, this homeostatic system contributes to build the feeding behavior by driving the food choices. Therefore, a dysfunction of this regulatory system might impact on dietary habits and thus, ultimately, on health. Consistent with this assumption, recent data report that a diet-induced obesity is associated both with a dysfunction of the oral fat detection system and a preferential consumption of fat-rich diets in rats and mice. In humans, a s…

High-intensity interval training and moderate intensity training with exogenous adenosine counteract development of obesity in rats

2022

Objectives High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) and Moderate Intensity Training (MIT) can combat the obesity epidemic. However, studies comparing their effects on obesity show controversial findings regarding weight loss. Adenosine has emerged as a possible, novel therapeutic agent to treat obesity, but more preclinical studies on its efficacy are needed. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to compare the effects of HIIT and MIT on obesity, and further to determine the dose-dependent effects of adenosine on body weight. Equipment and methods We induced obesity in male Wistar rats with high-fat diet (HFD) and monitored development of obesity by comparing the weight to rats on nor…

High-Fat Diet Induces Pre-Diabetes and Distinct Sex-Specific Metabolic Alterations in Negr1-Deficient Mice

2021

In the large GWAS studies, NEGR1 gene has been one of the most significant gene loci for body mass phenotype. The purpose of the current study was to clarify the role of NEGR1 in the maintenance of systemic metabolism, including glucose homeostasis, by using both male and female Negr1−/− mice receiving a standard or high fat diet (HFD). We found that 6 weeks of HFD leads to higher levels of blood glucose in Negr1−/− mice. In the glucose tolerance test, HFD induced phenotype difference only in male mice

Effet anti-obésité des CLA : mythe ou réalité ?

2005

Conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) are positional and geometric isomers of linoleic acid. Inclusion of CLA in the diet provokes a rapid and marked decrease in body weight gain and adiposity in mice leading to a lipoatrophic syndrome. However, CLA supplementation raised fasting blood glucose and insulin concentrations and was associated with severe insulin resistance and liversteatosis. Conflicting results have been reported with regard to reduction of fat mass in humans. We have reviewed the publish literature regarding the effect of CLA on body composition in humans and animal models. These studies indicate that t10-c12 was the isomer that reduced adipose fat storage, however it also increase…