Search results for "finance"
showing 10 items of 4676 documents
L'enseignement supérieur en Espagne et en France : une comparaison chiffrée
1989
Rapport réalisé dans le cadre de l'action intégrée n° 161Référence interne : 89081
La dépense d'éducation des familles : une analyse comparative
1998
The private expenditures in education put to the economist some methodological difficulties since it concerns, for the essential, a domain with imperfect public goods. One compares here, for various countries, especially inside the EU, the average division of the expense between families and the collectivities, the observation is that the diversity. In a time second are compared educative expenses for two countries distanced on the scale of the economic development, the social group of the family is a primary determining for the orientation of expenses. Finally an analysis on long period run confirms family strategies in agreement with the human capital theory.
Qualité et efficience de l'école primaire française : éléments de comparaisons spatiales et temporelles
2008
08001 - 20 p.; Document de travail de l'IREDU 2008-01; L'objectif principal de ce texte est de présenter des éléments factuels sur les résultats de l'école primaire française. Notre réflexion portera sur deux dimensions complémentaires, à savoir la qualité et l'efficience, celles-ci seront examinées dans une double perspective comparative (temporelle et spatiale). Dans une première partie, nous mobiliserons les données des enquêtes internationales pour apprécier les résultats des élèves français et leur évolution dans le temps sur ces 15 dernières années. La seconde partie sera consacrée aux coûts de l'enseignement primaire et plusieurs aspects seront abordés. Dans un premier temps, l'évolu…
Why Are the Poorest Countries out of the Educational Systems Globalisation Process ?
2003
International audience
Travail des élèves et performance scolaire
2010
National audience; Le rendement scolaire du travail scolaire, exprimé par le rapport entre le score à une évaluation internationale et le temps de travail total des élèves, varie beaucoup d'un pays à l'autre. les pays où les élèves déclarent travailler le plus, qui sont aussi les pays où la religiosité est la plus forte, sont ceux où les scores sont les plus faibles. Une part de ce constat, qu'il est impossible de déterminer précisément, peut cependant s'expliquer par un biais dans les déclarations des élèves. Entre élèves au sein des pays, le temps de travail varie plus ou moins selon le pays, et de façon plus ou moins liée au score des élèves d'une part, à leur héritage social d'autre par…
Taking historical embeddedness seriously : Three historical approaches to advance strategy process and practice research
2016
International audience; Despite the proliferation of strategy process and practice research, we lack understanding of the historical embeddedness of strategic processes and practices. In this paper, we present three historical approaches with the potential to remedy this deficiency. First, realist history can contribute to a better understanding of the historical embeddedness of strategic processes; in particular, comparative historical analysis can explicate the historical conditions, mechanisms, and causality in strategic processes. Second, interpretative history can add to our knowledge of the historical embeddedness of strategic practices, and microhistory can specifically help to under…
Expanding Horizons: The 3rd European Alternative Finance Industry Report
2018
The 3rd Annual European Alternative Finance Report presents the most comprehensive analysis of the status of alternative finance industry in Europe, covering more countries, alternative finance models, as well as industry trends and developments than was available in its predecessors. Much effort has been placed on data quality verifications and clarifications in an ongoing productive and collaborative dialogue with all platform informants and research partners. Here, we wish to acknowledge their invaluable contributions, without which this report could not have been written. Overall, the data collected shows that 2016 saw European alternative finance doubling its volumes from 2015, and con…
Credit risk and efficiency in the European banking system: A three-stage analysis
2002
Increased competition and the attempts of European banks to increase their presence in other markets may have affected the efficiency and credit risk in the banking system. The first aspect is the incentive in reducing costs in order to gain in competitiveness. The second is associated with their lack of knowledge of such markets and/ or acceptance of a higher risk in order to increase their market share. Despite the importance of these aspects, banking literature has usually analysed the effects of competition on the efficiency of banking systems without considering these aspects. The few studies that attempt to obtain risk adjusted efficiency measures do not consider that part of the risk…
Spatial Competition in Quality
2011
We develop a model of vertical innovation in which firms incur a market entry cost and position themselves in the quality space. Once established, firms compete monopolistically, selling to consumers with heterogeneous tastes for quality. We establish the general existence and conditional uniqueness of the pricing game in such vertically differentiated markets with a potentially large number of active firms. Turning to firms’ entry decisions, exogenously growing productivities induce firms to enter the market sequentially at the top end of the quality spectrum. We spell out the conditions under which the entry problem is replicated over time so that each new entrant improves incumbent quali…
Upward and Downward Limit Pricing: The Role of Post-Entry Competition
2005
Under asymmetric information, entry-deterring strategies by an incumbent monopolist can consist of deviations from its static monopoly price through downward deviations termed downward limit pricing, or upward deviations termed upward limit pricing. Our analysis shows that the mode of post-entry competition influences the range of situations in which an incumbent adopts a strategy of downward limit pricing instead of an upward one: this range is greater under price than under output competition; it is decreasing in the degree of product differentiation; and with homogeneous product only downward limit pricing emerges under price competition, while upward limit pricing can still take place w…