Search results for "fluid"
showing 10 items of 5513 documents
Optimal calculation of the pair correlation function for an orthorhombic system
2012
We present a new computational method to calculate arbitrary pair correlation functions of an orthorombic system in the most efficient way. The algorithm is demonstrated by the calculation of the radial distribution function of shock compressed liquid hydrogen.
Flows and mixing in channels with misaligned superhydrophobic walls.
2014
Aligned superhydrophobic surfaces with the same texture orientation reduce drag in the channel and generate secondary flows transverse to the direction of the applied pressure gradient. Here we show that a transverse shear can be easily generated by using superhydrophobic channels with misaligned textured surfaces. We propose a general theoretical approach to quantify this transverse flow by introducing the concept of an effective shear tensor. To illustrate its use, we present approximate theoretical solutions and Dissipative Particle Dynamics simulations for striped superhydrophobic channels. Our results demonstrate that the transverse shear leads to complex flow patterns, which provide a…
HfF+ as a candidate to search for the nuclear weak quadrupole moment
2018
Nuclei with a quadrupole deformation, such as $^{177}\mathrm{Hf}$ have enhanced weak quadrupole moment which induces the tensor weak electron-nucleus interaction in atoms and molecules. Corresponding parity-non-conserving (PNC) effect is strongly enhanced in the ${}^{3}{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}}_{1}$ electronic state of the $^{177}\mathrm{HfF}^{+}$ cation which has very close opposite parity levels mixed by this tensor interaction. In the present paper we perform relativistic many-body calculations of this PNC effect. It is shown that the tensor weak interaction induced by the weak quadrupole moment gives the dominating contribution to the PNC effects in $^{177}\mathrm{HfF}^{+}$ which s…
Rayleigh scattering of linear alkylbenzene in large liquid scintillator detectors.
2015
Rayleigh scattering poses an intrinsic limit for the transparency of organic liquid scintillators. This work focuses on the Rayleigh scattering length of linear alkylbenzene (LAB), which will be used as the solvent of the liquid scintillator in the central detector of the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory. We investigate the anisotropy of the Rayleigh scattering in LAB, showing that the resulting Rayleigh scattering length will be significantly shorter than reported before. Given the same overall light attenuation, this will result in a more efficient transmission of photons through the scintillator, increasing the amount of light collected by the photosensors and thereby the energy…
Overview of the JET results
2015
Since the installation of an ITER-like wall, the JET programme has focused on the consolidation of ITER design choices and the preparation for ITER operation, with a specific emphasis given to the bulk tungsten melt experiment, which has been crucial for the final decision on the material choice for the day-one tungsten divertor in ITER. Integrated scenarios have been progressed with the re-establishment of long-pulse, high-confinement H-modes by optimizing the magnetic configuration and the use of ICRH to avoid tungsten impurity accumulation. Stationary discharges with detached divertor conditions and small edge localized modes have been demonstrated by nitrogen seeding. The differences in…
A quantitative analysis of stratospheric HCl, HNO3, and O3 in the tropopause region near the subtropical jet
2014
The effects of chemical two-way mixing on the Extratropical Transition Layer (ExTL) near the subtropical jet are investigated by stratospheric tracer-tracer correlations. To this end, in situ measurements were performed west of Africa (25-32 ◦ N) during the Transport and Composition of the Upper Troposphere Lower Stratosphere (UTLS)/Earth System Model Validation (TACTS/ESMVal) mission in August/September 2012. The Atmospheric chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometer sampling HCl and HNO3 was for the first time deployed on the new German High Altitude and Long range research aircraft (HALO). Measurements of O3, CO, European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) analysis, and the tig…
Multicommutation as a powerful new analytical tool
2002
This review presents the state of the art of the emerging continuous-flow methodology based on solenoid valves. This uses flow networks to deliver sample and reagent solutions by controlling the time of flow through the ON/OFF modes of solenoid valves and takes advantage of existing flow injection analysis (FIA) or sequential injection analysis (SIA) device or manifold configurations. It allows one to insert a single plug of sample (or reagent) into the carrier or carrier-reagent stream, mimicking the approaches of FIA or SIA. In addition to the modes used in FIA and SIA, the methodology provides a different mode, based on delivery of a series of alternating sequential insertions of very sm…
Synergies between Hyperpolarized NMR and Microfluidics: A Review
2021
Hyperpolarized nuclear magnetic resonance and lab-on-a-chip microfluidics are two dynamic, but until recently quite distinct, fields of research. Recent developments in both areas increased their synergistic overlap. By microfluidic integration, many complex experimental steps can be brought together onto a single platform. Microfluidic devices are therefore increasingly finding applications in medical diagnostics, forensic analysis, and biomedical research. In particular, they provide novel and powerful ways to culture cells, cell aggregates, and even functional models of entire organs. Nuclear magnetic resonance is a non-invasive, high-resolution spectroscopic technique which allows real-…
Special issue “chemical speciation of organic and inorganic components of environmental and biological interest in natural fluids: Behaviour, interac…
2020
Several different definitions were in the past proposed to describe the term chemical speciation, and some of them were accepted from the scientific community [...]
Current advancement in electrochemical analysis of neurotransmitters in biological fluids
2017
Abstract Analysis of neurotransmitters is useful for the diagnosis of central nervous system diseases. This review gives a general view of recent advances in the development of electrochemical sensors for detection/determination of neurotransmitters. The purpose of the review is to provide useful insights in terms of ( a ) choice of materials, ( b ) methods/techniques preferably applied, ( c ) immobilization procedures, and ( d ) other practical aspects. Following an introduction into the field, we give a short account on the principle and general types of electrochemical sensors, and then treat sensing methods for neurotransmitters. It is subdivided into sections on ( i ) Dopamine ( ii ) A…